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Study on inflammatory responses of neonatal natural killer cells and macrophages upon lipoteichoic acid stimulation. / 脂磷壁酸對新生兒自然殺傷細胞和巨噬細胞免疫反應的影響 / Zhi lin bi suan dui xin sheng er zi ran sha shang xi bao he ju shi xi bao mian yi fan ying de ying xiang

Cheng, Siu Fung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-141). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.ii / (Chinese) --- p.V / Acknowledgements --- p.viii / List of Abbreviations --- p.x / Table of Contents --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction and Literature Reviews --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Bacterial Infection in Neonates --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Overview of Bacterial Infection in Neonates --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Gram-Positive Bacteria and Infection in Newborns --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Lipoteichoic Acid - the Immunostumulatory Component of Gram-Positive Bacteria --- p.5 / Chapter Figure 1.1 --- Schematic Representation of Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell Wall --- p.8 / Chapter Figure 1.2 --- Structure of Lipoteichoic Acid Polymer --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Immune System of the Neonate --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Overview of the Human Immune System --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Innate Immune System --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Adaptive immune system --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3 --- Macrophages --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Overview of Macrophages --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Functions of Macrophages --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Macrophages in Gram-Positive Bacterial Infection --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4 --- Natural Killer Cells --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Overview of Natural Killer Cells --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Activation of Natural Killer Cells --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Functions of Natural Killer Cells --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Activation Markers on Natural Killer Cell Surface --- p.27 / Chapter Figure 1.3 --- Schematic Diagram of CD 107a Expression in NK Cells During Degranulation --- p.30 / Chapter 1.5 --- Interactions Between Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6 --- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Infection --- p.32 / Chapter 1.7 --- ApolipoproteinA-1 (ApoA-1) and Infection --- p.34 / Chapter 1.8 --- Overall Objectives of the Study --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1 --- Reagents Used --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sampling Methods --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3 --- Mononuclear Cell Isolation --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4 --- Mononuclear Cell Cryopreservation --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5 --- Induction of Macrophage from MNC culture --- p.42 / Chapter 2.6 --- Enrichment of Natural Killer (NK) Cells from MNC --- p.43 / Chapter 2.7 --- Culture of NK Cells Using Conditioned Medium Collected From LTA-Stimulated Macrophages --- p.45 / Chapter 2.8 --- Western Blotting --- p.46 / Chapter 2.9 --- Cytokines in Culture Supernatant of Macrophages --- p.50 / Chapter 2.10 --- CD107a Assay --- p.51 / Chapter 2.11 --- CD69 Assay --- p.52 / Chapter 2.12 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.53 / Chapter Figure 2.1 --- A Representative Diagram to Show NK Cell Purity After Enrichment by Immuno-Magnetic Beads --- p.55 / Chapter Figure 2.2 --- A Diagram to Illustrate the Gating Method Used in CD 107a Assay --- p.56 / Chapter Figure 2.3 --- A Diagram to Illustrate the Gating Method Used in CD69 Assay --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Lipoteichoic Acid - Induced Inflammatory Responses of Cord Blood Macrophages in vitro --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1 --- LTA-Stimulated Secretion of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Cord Blood Macrophages --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2 --- LTA-Stimulated Secretion of Interleukin-6 in Cord Blood Macrophages --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3 --- LTA-Stimulated Secretion of Interleukin-12 in Cord Blood Macrophages --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4 --- LTA-Stimulated Phosphorylation of P44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (ERK1/2) in Cord Blood Macrophages --- p.63 / Chapter 3.5 --- The Effect of Apolipoprotein A-l Pre-Treatment on LTA-Stimulated P44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (Erkl/2) Phosphorylation --- p.64 / Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.65 / Chapter Figure 3.1 --- LTA-Induced TNFa Secretion by Cord Blood Macrophages --- p.73 / Chapter Figure 3.2 --- LTA-Induced IL-6 Secretion by Cord Blood Macrophages --- p.74 / Chapter Figure 3.3 --- LTA-Induced IL-12 Secretion by Cord Blood Macrophages --- p.75 / Chapter Figure 3.4 --- Phosphorylation of P44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) Stimulated by LTA in Cord Blood Macrophages --- p.76 / Chapter Figure 3.5 --- The Effect of ApolipoproteinA-1 on LTA-Stimulated P44/42 MAPK Phosphorylation --- p.78 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Lipoteichoic Acid - Induced Inflammatory Responses of Natural Killer Cells in vitro --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1 --- Dose-Dependent Effect of IL-15 on CD69 Expression --- p.80 / Chapter 4.2 --- Effects of LTA on CD69 Surface Expression in NK Cells --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3 --- Effects of LTA on CD 107a Surface Expression in NK Cells --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.87 / Chapter Figure 4.1 --- Dose-Dependent Effect of IL-15 on Cord Blood NK Cells CD69 Surface Expression --- p.93 / Chapter Figure 4.2 --- Effects of LTA and IL-15 on CD69 surface Expression in NK Cells --- p.95 / Chapter Figure 4.3 --- Effects of LTA and IL-15 on CD 107a surface Expression in NK Cells --- p.97 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Effects of LTA-Primed Macrophage-Conditioned Medium on Autologous Natural Killer Cell Activation --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1 --- Effects of Macrophage-Conditioned Medium on Autologous NK Cell CD 107a Expression --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2 --- Effects of LTA-Stimulated Macrophages on Autologous NK cells CD69 Expression --- p.102 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.105 / Chapter Figure 5.1 --- Flow Chart of the Experiment Design --- p.110 / Chapter Figure 5.2 --- Effects of Macrophage-Conditioned Medium on Autologous NK CD 107a Expression --- p.111 / Chapter Figure 5.3 --- Effects of Macrophage-Conditioned Medium on Autologous NK CD69 Expression --- p.113 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and General Discussion --- p.115 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusion --- p.115 / Chapter 6.2 --- Potential Applications of the Findings --- p.117 / Chapter 6.3 --- Limitations --- p.118 / Chapter 6.4 --- Further Studies --- p.119 / References --- p.121

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_327565
Date January 2011
ContributorsCheng, Siu Fung., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Medical Sciences.
Source SetsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
LanguageEnglish, Chinese
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypeText, bibliography
Formatprint, xiii, 141 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
RightsUse of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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