Thesis (Mnutr)--Stellenbosch University,2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Most of the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) such as hypertension,
dyslipidaemia, smoking, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), obesity,
physical inactivity and heredity are common in South African populations, with
Indians ranking among those with the highest prevalence in the country. Little
published literature is available on eating patterns in pre-school children in the Indian
population. Therefore, this study a ims to assess the nutritional status of a group of
Indian pre-school children in Howick West (a small suburb in the Kwa-Zulu Natal
Midlands).
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 50 Indian pre-school children between
the ages of 1-5 years, randomly selected from a total of 632 available Indian
households in Howick West. Written, informed consent was obtained from the
mother/caregiver of each child that participated in the study.
Standardized and validated 24-hour-recall (24-H-R) and quantitative food frequency
questionnaires (QFFQ), used in the National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) of
1999, were adapted and used to assess habitual intake and eating patterns of the 50
Indian pre-school children. Height and weight measurements using standardized
methodology were used to assess the anthropometric status of the children.
Results: The prevalence of underweight was 14%. Stunting affected only 8% of the
children, and 2% were at risk of overweight. The mean energy intakes of the children
were above that recommended for age. A high fat intake was observed, with total fat
contributing 42% to the daily total energy (TE) intake. The contributions of total
carbohydrate and protein to TE intake were 45% and 10%, respectively. Low mean
intakes of the following micronutrients were observed (less than 67% of the RDA):
Calcium (22% of the children), Vitamin D (90%), Zinc (56%) and Iodine (90%),
respectively. Based on the 24-H-R, the intakes of the remaining micronutrients were
either above or equivalent to that recommended for age when compared to the 1989
RDAs.
Conclusions: Despite a relatively high prevalence of underweight compared to
overweight in these preschoolers, dietary analysis has indicated adequate dietary
intakes in terms of total energy recommended for the age groups studied. However,
total fat intake which represented 42% of TE, was high, with saturated fat (SF)
contributing 15% to TE intake. This finding is cause for concern as excessive
consumption of dietary fat has been implicated in the aetiology of CVD, obesity and
some forms of cancer, and CHD is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality
in South Africa, especially among the Indian segment of the population. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Meeste van die risikofaktore vir koronêre hartsiektes (KHS) soos hipertensie,
dislipidemie, rook, nie-insulien afhanklike diabetes (NIADM), vetsug, fisiese
onaktiwiteit en oorerflikheid, kom algemeen onder Suid-Afrikaanse bevolkingsgroepe
voor, met Indiërs onder dié met die hoogste voorkoms in die land. Min gepubliseerde
inligting is beskikbaar oor die eetgewoontes van voorskoolse kinders onder die Indiër
bevolking. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus 0 m die voedingstatus van 'n groep
Indiër voorskoolse kinders in Howick Wes ('n klein voorstad in die Kwa-Zulu Natal
Middellande) te bepaal.
Metodes: Dit was 'n dwarssnit studie van 50 voorskoolse Indiër kinders tussen die
ouderdomme van 1-5 jaar, ewekansig geselekteer uit 632 beskikbare Indiër
huishoudings in Howick Wes. Geskrewe en ingeligte toestemming is ontvang van die
moeder/versorger van elke kind wat aan die studie deelgeneem het.
Gestandaardiseerde en gevalideerde 24-uur herroep (24-H-R) en voedsel frekwensie
vraelyste (QFFQ) soos gebruik in die Nasionale Voedsel Inname Studie (NFCS) van
1999, is aangepas en gebruik om gewoontelike inname en eetgewoontes van die 50
Indiër voorskoolse kinders te bepaal. Lengte en gewig is m.b.v. standaad tegnieke
bepaal om die antropometriese status van die kinders te evalueer.
Resultate: Die voorkoms van ondergewig was 14%. Dwerggroei het slegs 8% van die
kinders geaffekteer en 2% het 'n risiko vir oorgewig getoon. Die gemiddelde energie
inname van die kinders was hoër as wat aanbeveel word vir hierdie ouderdomsgroep.
'n Hoë vetinname is gevind, met 'n totale vet bydrae van 42% tot die daaglikse totale
energie (TE) inname. Die bydrae van koolhidrate en proteïen tot TE was 45% en 10%
respektiewelik. Lae gemiddelde innames van die volgende mikrovoedingstowwe is
gevind (minder as 67% van die RDA): kalsium (22% van die kinders), vitamien D
(90%), sink (56%) en jodium (90%), respektiewelik. Gebasseer op die 24-H-R, was
die inname van die oorblywende mikrovoedingstowwe óf hoër óf gelyk aan wat
aanbeveel word vir die betrokke ouderdomsgroep wanneer vergelyk word met die
1989 RDA.
Gevolgtrekkings: Ten spyte van 'n relatiewe hoë voorkoms van ondergewig in
vergelyking met oorgewig in hierdie voorskoolse kinders, was dieetinname voldoende
in terme van totale aanbevole energie vir die ouderdomsgroep. Totale vetinname, wat
42% van TE uitgemaak het, was egter hoog en versadigde vette het 15% van TE
bedra. Hierdie verskynsel is 'n rede tot kommer aangesien oormatige vetinname reeds
geïmpliseer is in die etiologie van KHS, vetsug en sommige vorms van kanker, en
KHS is een van die belangrikste oorsake van morbiditeit en mortaliteit in Suid Afrika,
veralonder die Indiër bevolking.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/53399 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Bux, Fathima |
| Contributors | Labadarios, D., Herselman, M. G., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Paediatrics and Child Health. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 34 p. : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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