Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Kwaito music, pronounced either as kwhy-toh, or quite-oh, is an indigenous South
African music style which came into existence after the apartheid era was abolished.
It was created by the black South African youth at the time when everyone was
looking forward to embrace the new South Africa as well as a new music style.
The people in the Gauteng ghetto/townships called it KWAITO after the Afrikaans
isicamtho (slang) word "kwai" which means "good" or "hot." It also stems from the
Afrikaans word 'kwaai" meaning "angry." It can also mean that "the guys are hot."
Kwaito is a distinctly home-grown music style, reflecting life in South Africa in the
local languages and urban slang. It also has its own style of dancing, speaking,
dress code and performing. It includes kwaito genres ranging from guz (meaning to
show a sign of affection for your fellow human beings) d'gong (meaning "out of
control") and isgubhu "drum" to swaito (an improved term for kwaito). The music is
basically dance music and the lyrics are in many cases unsubstantial or even nonsensible
for example in the kwaito artist, Mandoza's song, Godoba, the words
"Cyborg/Move your skeleton" are being repeated throughout the song. Kwaito is
normally not sung, but chanted or spoken rhythmically over the music.
Kwaito music has a very high impact on many young people's lives because many
young kwaito music artists have become very rich almost overnight. Black youth see
the kwaito trend as a way out of their poor existence within the townships/ghettos.
This study aims to divert the focus from the kwaito lifestyle (clothing, glamour,
materialism) and instead concentrates on the musical aspects thereof. Many
classically trained musicians and music teachers frown upon the kwaito music style
and regard it as being senseless, unsophisticated and of a lower quality than the
popular music that they are used to listening to. As with all other South African music styles such as mbaqanga, kwela, Afrikaans
music, township jazz, Kwaito music is introduced into the secondary school subject
music curriculum for grades 10- 12.
Many schools in South Africa have installed computer laboratories for effective
teaching and learning to take place. Schools also have music keyboard laboratories
where learners are taught to compose electronic computer music. In view of the fact
that almost all learners are computer literate the author has designed this electronic
resource with lesson plans for teachers to be used in the secondary school on kwaito
music specifically.
One lesson plan is an example where kwaito music is notated and used in a four part
harmony exercise. This resource is not geared towards the marketing of kwaito as a music style but is
geared to make it substantial to be used as lesson material for secondary school
subject music.
A further aim is to sensitise the more musically educated ear to the musical qualities
of the kwaito music style because in many cases it is being ignored by both learners
and educators.
This study is based on literature studies, empirical study. A website on kwaito music
is designed and developed which contains information on the history of kwaito, the
cultural democracy of kwaito, various artists, recording and marketing thereof.
Sample lesson plans are also developed as part of the resource. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kwaito musiek, uitgespreek as kwy-toh of kwaai-toh, is 'n inheemse Suid-Afrikaanse
musiekstyl wat na die apartheid era tot stand gekom het. Dit was deur die swart Suid
Afrikaanse jeug geskep in die tyd toe almal daarna uitgesien het na 'n nuwe Suid
Afrika sowel as 'n nuwe musiekstyl.
Mense in die agter-geblewe gemeenskappe (ghettos) van Gauteng het hierdie
musiekstyl KWAITO genoem afgelei van die Afrikaans "isicamtho" (gemengde tale)
woord 'kwai' wat 'goed' of 'warm' beteken. Dit hou ook verband met die Afrikaanse
woord 'kwaai' wat 'kwaad' beteken. Daar word ook geinsinueer dat 'die ouens goed
of warm voorkom.'
Kwaito is 'n kenmerkende plaaslike musiekstyl wat die alledaagse bestaanslewe in
Suid Afrika deur middel van plaaslike tale en stedelike spreektale weerspieel. Dit het
sy eie dansstyl, manier van praat, klere-modes en verhoog optredes. Dit sluit kwaito
style soos Guz (wat beteken om vir jou medemens om te gee), D'gong (om buite
beheer te wees),isgubhu (trom) en Swaito ('n verbeterde vorm van kwaito) in. Die
musiek is basies dansmusiek en die lirieke is baie keer oppervlakkig of dit maak in
sommige gevalle selfs nie sin nie soos byvoorbeeld in die kwaito kunstenaar,
Mandoza, se lied Godoba, word die woorde 'Cyborg, beweeg jou geraamte'
aanhoudend herhaal. Kwaito word gewoonlik nie gesing nie, maar ge'rap' wat
beteken dat die woorde ritmies met klankbegeleiding gese word.
Kwaito het 'n baie groot invloed op baie jongmense se lewens aangesien heelwat
van die jong kwaito kunstenaars feitlik oornag baie beroemd en skatryk geword het e
Die jeug dit as 'n uitweg beskou om hulself uit hul ellende en armoede te verhef
Die doel van hierdie studie is om die fokus vanaf die kwaito leefstyl (kleredrag, glans
en materialisme) te skuif en liewer op die musikale aspekte daarvan te konsentreer.
Heelwat musikante en musiek onderwysers wat in klassieke musiek geskool is,stel
nie in hierdie musiekstyl belang nie omdat hulle dit as sinneloos, ongesofistikeerd en
van 'n lae gehalte as die bekende populere musiek beskou.
Kwaito musiek is net soos aile ander Suid- Afrikaanse musiekstyle soos mbaqanga,
kwela, Afrikaanse musiek, Afrika jazz by die vakmusiek leerplan vir sekondere
skole, ingesluit vir grade 10- 12. Heelwat skole het rekenaar laboratoriums geinstalleer om effektiewe onderrig en leer
te verskaf. Verskeie skole het selfs musiek klawerbord laboratoriums waar leerders
geleer word om elektroniese rekenaarmusiek te komponeer. Weens die feit dat
amper aile leerders rekenaar geletterd is, het die skrywer hierdie elektroniese kwaito
hulpbron met lesplanne vir sekondere skool musiekonderwysers ontwikkel. Een lesplan is 'n voorbeeld waar kwaito musiek genoteer is en in 'n vierstemmige
harmonie oefening gebruik word.
Hierdie hulpbron is geensins daarop gemik om kwaito as 'n musiekstyl te bemark
nie, maar om dit substantief te maak as lesmateriaal vir sekondere skool gebruik.
'n Verdere doel is om die musikale oor vir kwaito klank sensitief te maak aangesien
dit baie kere deur beide leerkragte en leerders geignoreer word.
Hierdie studie is gebasseer op literatuurstudies en empiriese studie. 'n Webblad is
ontwikkel wat inligting oor die geskiedenis van kwaito, die kulturele demokrasie van
kwaito, verskeie kunstenaars, asook die klankopnames en bemarking daarvan.
Lesplanvoorbeelde is ook ontwikkel as deel van die hulpbron.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/80337 |
| Date | 27 February 2013 |
| Creators | Crouch, Lynnette |
| Contributors | Herbst, T., Opperman, Lynette, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Music. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Format | 102 leaves |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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