Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The following study is to determine if a creep feed balanced for limiting essential amino acids (EAA) at
a certain non structural carbohydrate (NSC) level will elicit greater responses than lambs reared on a
commercial creep feed.
Lysine, Threonine, Methionine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine and Leucine were determined as the
limiting amino acids for nursing lambs. These amino acids were incorporated into the creep feed
treatments CF1 and CF2 representing 157 g CP/kg, 477 g NSC/kg and 179 g CP/kg, 508 g NSC/kg,
respectively. A commercial creep feed with no optimisation for EAA is represented as CFC with 139 g
CP/kg and 455 g NSC/kg. A negative control (CON) treatment represents lambs receiving no creep
feed but with ad libitum access to suckle their dams while feeding on kikuyu pasture.
A growth trial was conducted on Merino x Döhne-Merino cross twin lambs averaging a birth weight of
4.42 kg ± 0.11 for 60 days following with a digestibility trial towards the end of the trial. Half of the
lamb crop was slaughtered at an average live weight of 23.6 kg ± 0.56. The M. longissimus dorsi was
removed on both the left and right half of the carcass between the 2nd - 3rd last thoracic vertebrae and
the 4th - 5th lumbar vertebrae. A sample from the rumen wall was taken at the rumino-reticular fold to
determine development characteristics.
Results indicate that the feed conversion ratio for the CFC lambs were better than CF1 (P = 0.052)
but not more than CF2 (P = 0.307). The FCR was 0.88, 1.19 and 1.01 (kilogram feed required to gain
1 kg in bodyweight) for CFC, CF1 and CF2, respectively. Dressing percentage was higher for CF2
than for both CFC (P = 0.012) and CF1 (P = 0.077). Along with BUN data it was concluded that the
high CP level of CF2 resulted in the higher fat deposition. The optimised creep feeds had higher
nitrogen and energy balances than the commercial CFC, this implicates that the optimised creep
feeds were more efficiently utilised. Optimised creep feed treatments had longer papillae than CON (P
< 0.0001). Papillae of creep feed 2 was longer than CFC (P = 0.0537). Papillae width decreased as
the NSC level increased thus it is surmised that higher NSC levels resulted in longer but thinner
papillae. Rumen muscularization was equally developed between all the treatments and was ascribed
to the lambs’ access to course roughage. Meat quality in terms of physical and chemical
characteristics was found to be in range with that expected for lambs at higher slaughter weights (40
kg). In conclusion, the balancing of the limiting EAA increases the benefits of creep feeding while
simultaneously being more efficiently utilised. Intensive sheep production systems may benefit from
the feeding of such creep feeds provided it fits economically into their farming system. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die volgende studie is om te bepaal of 'n kruipvoer wat gebalanseerd is vir beperkende essensiële
aminosure (EAA) by 'n vasgestelde nie-strukturele koolhidraat (NSK) vlak verbeterde groei sal ontlok
teenoor lammers wat grootgemaak word op 'n kommersiële kruipvoer.
Lisien, Treonien, Metionien, Isoleusien, Fenylalanien en Leusien is bepaal as die beperkende
aminosure vir suipende lammers. Hierdie aminosure is opgeneem in die geoptimiseerde kruipvoer
behandelings CF1 en CF2 wat 157 g RP/kg, 477 g NSK/kg en 179 g RP/kg, 508 g NSK/kg
onderskeidelik verteenwoordig. 'n Kommersiële kruipvoer met geen optimalisering vir EAA is
verteenwoordig as CFC met 139 g RP/kg en 455 g NSK/kg. 'n Negatiewe kontrole (CON) behandeling
is verteenwoordig deur lammers wat geen kruipvoer ontvang het nie, maar wat ad libitum toegang tot
hul ooi gehad het om te soog terwyl die ooi op ‘n kikoejoeveld wei.
'n Groei proef is uitgevoer met Merino x Döhne-Merino kruis tweelinglammers met ‘n gemiddelde
geboorte gewig van 4,42 ± 0,11 kg vir 60 dae en 'n verteerbaarheids proef is na aan die einde van die
studie uitgevoer. Helfte van die lam kudde is geslag by die lewende gewig van 23,6 ± 0, 56 kg. Die M.
longissimus dorsi was op beide die linker-en regter helfte van die karkas tussen die 2de - 3de laaste
torakale werwels en die 4de - 5de lumbale werwels verwyder. 'n Monster van die rumen wand is
geneem langs die rumino retikulêre vou sodat die rumen ontwikkeling eienskappe daarmee bepaal
kon word.
Resultate dui daarop aan dat die voeromsetverhouding (VOV) vir CFC lammers beter was as vir CF1
(P = 0,052), maar nie meer as vir CF2 (P = 0,307) nie. Die VOV was 0,88 , 1,19 en 1,01 (kilogram
voer wat nodig is om 1 kg liggaamsmassa aan te sit) vir CFC, CF1 en CF2 onderskeidelik. Uitslag
persentasie vir CF2 was hoër as beide CFC (P = 0,012) en CF1 (P = 0,077). Saam met die bloed,
urea en stikstofbalans data is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die hoë RP inhoud van CF2 gelei
het tot ‘n hoër vetneerlegging. Die geoptimaliseerde kruipvoere het ‘n hoër stikstof- en energiebalans
gehad teenoor die kommersiële CFC behandeling wat dus impliseer dat die optimale kruipvoere
doeltreffender benut was. Die geoptimaliseerde kruipvoer behandelings het langer papillae gehad as
CON (P < 0,0001). Papillae lengte van die CF2 behandeling is langer as die van CFC (P = 0,0537).
Papillae breedte het dunner geraak soos wat die NSK-vlak gestyg het dus word vermoed dat hoër
NSK-vlakke langer maar dunner papillae tot gevolg het. Rumen bespiering is ewe ontwikkeld tussen al die behandelings en word toegeskryf aan die lammers se toegang tot growwe ruvoer. Vleis kwaliteit
in terme van fisiese- en chemiese eienskappe was inlyn met wat verwag kan word vir lammers by
hoër slaggewigte (40 kg).
Ten slotte, die balansering van beperkende aminosure verhoog die voordele van kruipvoeding en
word terselfdertyd doeltreffender benut. Intensiewe skaap produksie stelsels kan dus voordeel trek uit
die voeding van sodanige kruipvoere mits dit ekonomies pas in die boerdery stelsel.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/17974 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Le Roux, Marize |
| Contributors | Van de Vyver, W. F. J., Hoffman, L. C., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Animal Sciences. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 124 p. : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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