Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Silvia Ribeiro de Souza / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnociência, 2017. / As plantas possuem mecanismos de defesas que sao classificados como diretos e indiretos, ativando varias vias de respostas. As defesas diretas estao presentes constitutivamente nas plantas e podem estar relacionadas com o sistema antioxidante que possui componentes tais como glutationa oxidada (GSSH), glutationa reduzida (GHS), acido ascorbico (AA) e acido dehidroascorbico (DHA) que agem na manutencao do balanco oxi/antioxidante das plantas, visando minimizar os danos no sistema celular. As defesas indiretas estao relacionadas com as interacoes ecologicas e sao atribuidas aos compostos organicos volateis (COV) que podem combater o ataque de herbivoros e patogenos mediando as interacoes troficas. A ativacao das defesas ocorre quando as plantas estao expostas ao agente agressor. Dentre os varios agentes, destaca-se ozonio, por ser um poluente fitotoxico que promove estresse oxidativo e danos celulares. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar se o ozonio, e capaz de alterar as defesas quimicas diretas e indiretas de individuos de Croton floribundus e Pipitadenia gonoacantha estudadas em situacao isolada e combinada. Experimentos foram realizados em condicoes controladas e plantas foram expostas a 100 ppb de ozonio em situacao isolada e combinada. As exposicoes ocorreram durante 7 dias por 5 horas. Determinou-se os niveis dos antioxidantes acido ascorbico e glutationa por meio da espectroscopia UV-vis. Os valores dos pares AA/DHA e GHS/GSSH foram comparados com o potencial redox de cada par, obtido para as formas reduzidas/oxidadas pela equacao de Nernst. Os COV foram quantificados por cromatografia gasoasa acoplada a espectroscopia de massas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que para as defesas diretas, a especie P.gonoacantha nao apresentou diferencas entre os tratamentos ar filtrado (AF) e ar filtrado enriquecido com ozonio (AF+O3) e entre as situacoes (isolada e combinada). Ja C.floribundus apresentou diferencas entre os tratamentos dos potenciais redox AA/DHA e GHS/GSSH na situacao combinada, mesmo assim a dose de ozonio aplicada nao foi capaz de promever danos oxidativos graves. No entanto, as defesas indiretas apresentaram emissao e inibicao de alguns compostos na presenca de ozonio. C.floribundus, em situacao isolada induziu os compostos Hexanal e 1-Hexanol,2-etil, ¿À-Felandreno, Cariofileno, cis-¿À-Farneseno, ¿¿-Muuroleno e (-) Spatulenol, enquanto que na situacao combinada apenas os compostos 3-Hexanal,1 ol (z) e o MeSa foram induzidos, os demais compostos foram
inibidos na presenca do ozonio. Ja P.gonoacantha apresentou uma emissao maior de compostos na situacao isolada do que na combinada. Na situacao combinada houve majoritariamente a inducao de um sesqueterpeno nao identificado e do ¿À-Ocimeno. Esses compostos foram considerados como marcadores da coexistencia entre esssas duas especies. / Plants have mechanisms of defenses that are classified as direct and indirect, activating several response pathways. Direct defenses are constitutively present in plants and may be related to the antioxidant system that has components such as oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), acting in the pro-antioxidant balance, minimizing damages in the cellular system. Indirect defenses are related to ecological interactions and are attributed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be against the attack of herbivores and pathogens mediater in the trophic interactions. Activation of defenses occurs when plants are exposed to the stressor agent. Among several agents, ozone stands out because it is a phytotoxic pollutant that promotes oxidative stress and cellular damage. In this sense, the present work has the objective of verifying that the ozone is capable of altering the direct and indirect chemical defenses of individuals of Croton floribundus and Pipitadenia gonoacantha studied in an isolated and combined situation. Experiments were carried out under controlled conditions and plants were exposed to 100 ppb of ozone in an isolated and combined situation. Exposures occurred for 7 days for 5 hours. The levels of the antioxidants ascorbic acid and glutathione were determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. The values of the DHA/AA and GSH / GSSGpairs were compared with the redox potential of each pair, obtained for the reduced / oxidized forms by the Nernst equation. The VOCs were quantified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy. The results showed that the P.gonoacantha species did not indicate any differences between the treatments (AF) and filtered air enriched with ozone (AF + O3) and between situations (isolated and combined). C.floribundus presented differences between treatments of redox DHA/AA and GSH / GSSG potentials in the combined situation, even though the dose of ozone applied was not able to promise serious oxidative damages. However, the indirect defenses showed emission and inhibition of some compounds in the presence of ozone. C.floribundus, in the isolated situation induced the compounds Hexanal and 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl, â-Felandren, Cariophilene, cis-â-Farnesene, á-Muurolene and (-) Spatulenol, whereas in the combined situation only compounds 3 -Hexanal, 1 ol (z) and MeSa were induced, the other compounds were inhibited in the presence of ozone. Already P.gonoacantha presented a greater emission of compounds in the isolated situation than in the combined one. In the combined situation, there was mainly the induction of an unidentified sesqueterpene and â-Ocimene. These compounds were considered as markers of coexistence between these two species.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:BDTD:106542 |
| Date | January 2017 |
| Creators | Pedrosa, Giselle da Silva |
| Contributors | Souza, Silvia Ribeiro de, Cruz, Luciano Soares da, Rinaldi, Mirian Cilene Spasiani |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf, 78 f. : il. |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, instname:Universidade Federal do ABC, instacron:UFABC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | http://biblioteca.ufabc.edu.br/index.php?codigo_sophia=106542&midiaext=74705, http://biblioteca.ufabc.edu.br/index.php?codigo_sophia=106542&midiaext=74706, Cover: http://biblioteca.ufabc.edu.brphp/capa.php?obra=106542 |
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