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Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / People have rampantly consumed batteries, thereby obtaining mobile, low cost and highly durable energy. However, many consumers do not recognize that these batteries may contain high level of heavy metals in their composition and so discard them inappropriately with their household trash daily. In order to minimize the problems caused by batteries to the environment, legislations have been created throughout the world. In Brazil, Resolution CONAMA 401 of 2008 established the maximum levels of toxic metals in batteries. This thesis was developed with the objective of verifying the levels of cadmium, lead and mercury in order to validate an analytical method for the determination of theses toxic metals in alkaline batteries. 193 samples of alkaline batteries collected from the Brazilian market between 2010 and 2011 were evaluated; none of the evaluated samples had cadmium levels above the allowed maximum (0.002%). However, 10 samples were found to have levels of mercury that exceeded the allowed maximum of 0.0005% and 8 of the analyzed batteries had levels of lead that were higher than the allowed (0.1%). The results obtained show a high percentage of failure (9.3%) of the samples analyzed, which indicates the necessity of controlling the use of toxic metals. / A popula??o tem consumido desenfreadamente pilhas e baterias, obtendo assim energia m?vel de baixo custo e alta durabilidade. Muitas vezes n?o tendo o conhecimento de que estas pilhas e baterias possuem metais t?xicos em sua constitui??o, o descarte ? feito de forma inadequada, milhares de pilhas sendo descartadas em lixo comum diariamente. Para minimizar os problemas causados pelas pilhas ao meio ambiente, legisla??es foram criadas em diversas partes do mundo. No Brasil a Resolu??o CONAMA 401 de 2008 estabelece os limites m?ximos de metais t?xicos em pilhas e baterias. Com o objetivo de verificar os n?veis de c?dmio, chumbo e merc?rio, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido para validar um m?todo anal?tico para a determina??o destes elementos t?xicos presentes em pilhas alcalinas. Foram avaliadas 193 amostras coletadas no mercado brasileiro nos anos de 2010 e 2011. Nenhuma das amostras possu?a quantidade de c?dmio acima do estipulado (0,002%). Por?m dez e oito amostras apresentaram concentra??o de Hg (0,0005%) e Pb (0,1%) excedendo o limite ambiental, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos indicaram percentual de reprova??o elevado (9,30%) para as pilhas alcalinas ensaiadas, indicando a necessidade do controle desses metais.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/6211 |
| Date | 27 March 2012 |
| Creators | Schuh, Alexandra Janine |
| Contributors | Pires, Mar?al Jos? Rodrigues |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais, PUCRS, Brasil, Faculdade de Engenharia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | -7432719344215120122, 600, 600, 600, -655770572761439785, 4518971056484826825 |
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