Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cryotherapy is one of the popular treatments used to alleviate muscle soreness,
especially in the competitive sports arena. However, the therapeutic use of
cryotherapy is unsubstantiated because of a lack of proper investigations in the
literature, especially a hypothesised effect on muscle recovery. Thus, our aims
were to characterise satellite cell (SC) activity in human subjects with delayed
onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and to shed light on the effect of cryotherapy on
SC activity. DOMS was induced in six male subjects (24 ± 3 years) by
completion of a downhill-run (DHR) protocol (5 x 8 min bouts, 2 min rest
between bouts) at 70 or 80% of their individual peak treadmill speed. Ice
application was applied to only one leg per subject for 3 days: 30 min every 2
hours, 5 times per day. In total 5 muscle biopsies were obtained from each
subject: 1 baseline and 4 post-DHR. Post-DHR biopsies: 1 from each leg on day
1 and 7 (1st group, n=3) and 1 from each leg on day 2 and 9 (2nd group, n=3).
DOMS was successfully induced as indicated by significant increases in muscle
soreness at days 1 and 2 post-DHR (P < 0.01), and creatine kinase activity at day
1 post-DHR (P < 0.01). No difference in muscle soreness was found between
treated and untreated legs. SC quiescence and activation were characterised by
their expression of the cell surface markers CD34 and CD56 respectively. No
significant change in quiescent SC was observed in the untreated or treated legs
over time. However, at day 1 post-DHR the number of quiescent SC was
significantly lower in the untreated compared with the treated leg (P < 0.05).
There was a significant increase in activated SC numbers at day 2 post-DHR in
the untreated leg, which was sustained up to day 9 post-DHR (P < 0.01).
However, no such increase was found in biopsies taken on days 1 and 7. Also, no change was found in the treated leg, however a significant difference between the
number of activated SC in untreated and treated legs on days 2 and 9 post-DHR (P
< 0.01) was seen. No significant effect of DOMS or ice treatment was observed
for the expression of the myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD and myogenin.
C2C12 cell cultures induced to differentiate, however, did stain using these
antibodies. This is the first study to report an effect of cryotherapy at the tissue
level. In conclusion, this study highlights many unanswered questions on the SC
response to DOMS at tissue level, and lays a good foundation for future studies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kreoterapie is een van die gewilde behandelings wat gebruik word om
spierseerheid te verlig, veral in die kompeterende sport arena, maar die gebruik
van kreoterapie is onbevestig as gevolg van ‘n gebrek aan voldoende ondersoeke
in die literatuur, veral ‘n hipotese oor die effek op spier-herstel. Ons doelstellings
was dus om satellietsel (SC) aktiwiteit te ondersoek in mens proefpersone met
vertraagde aanvang spierseerheid (DOMS) en ook om lig te werp op die effek van
kreoterapie op SC aktiwiteit. DOMS was in ses mans proefpersone (24 ± 3 jare)
geїnduseer deur voltooїng van ‘n afdraend-hardloop (DHR) protokol (5 x 8 min
rondtes, 2 min rus tussen rondtes) teen 70 of 80% van elkeen se individuele
maksimum trapmeul-spoed. Ys was vir 3 dae op net een been per proefpersoon
aangewend: 30 min elke 2 ure, 5 keer per dag. 5 spierbiopsies in totaal was van
elke proefpersoon verkry: 1 basislyn en 4 post-DHR. Post-DHR biopsies: 1 van
elke been op dae 1 en 7 (1ste groep, n=3) en 1 van elke been op dae 2 en 9 (2de
groep, n=3). DOMS was suksesvol geїnduseer soos aangedui deur die
betekenisvolle verhogings in spierseerheid op dae 1 en 2 post-HR (P < 0.01) en
kreatien kinase aktiwiteit op dag 1 post-DHR (P < 0.01). Geen verskil in
spierseerheid is gevind tussen die onbehandelde en behandelde bene nie. SC
dormansie en aktivering was gekarakteriseer deur die onderskeidelike uitdrukking
van die sel oppervlak merkers CD34 en CD56. Geen betekenisvolle verandering
is in SC dormansie in die onbehandelde en behandelde bene waargeneem nie,
maar op dag 1 post-DHR was die getal dormante SC betekenisvol laer in die
onbehandelde been as in die behandelde been (P < 0.05). Daar was ‘n
betekenisvolle verhoging in die getalle geaktiveerde SC op dag 2 post-DHR in die
onbehandelde been wat volgehou was tot op dag 9 post-DHR (P < 0.01), maar so ‘n verhoging was nie in biopsies wat op dae 1 en 7 geneem is gevind nie. Daar is
ook geen verandering in die behandelde been gevind nie, maar ‘n betekenisvolle
verskil in die getal geaktiveerde SC is tussen die onbehandelde en behandelde
bene op dae 2 en 9 post-DHR gevind(P < 0.01). Geen betekenisvolle effek van
DOMS en ys-aanwending vir die uitdrukking van die miogeniese (myogenic)
regulatoriese faktore, MyoD en myogenin, is waargeneem nie. C2C12 sel kulture
wat geїnduseer is om te differensieer het wel gekleur vir hierdie antiliggame. Dit
is die eerste studie wat ‘n effek van kreoterapie op weefselvlak rapporteer. Ten
slotte, hierdie studie beklemtoon baie onbeantwoorde vrae oor die SC respons op
DOMS op weefselvlak en dit lê ‘n goeie grondslag neer vir toekomstige studies.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/16623 |
| Date | 04 1900 |
| Creators | Van Tubbergh, Karen |
| Contributors | Myburgh, Kathy H., Niesler, Carola U., University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Physiological Sciences. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | ix, 133 leaves : ill. |
| Rights | University of Stellenbosch |
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