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Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction: Cystic Fibrosis is a disease characterized by recurrent infections and chronic inflammation of the respiratory system that lead to irreversible pulmonary complications. Infections are mainly caused by Staphilococcus aureos(SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Early diagnosis for identification of colonizing germs is an important challenge. Guidelines suggest the use of swab cultures of the oropharynx or sputum. However, studies on molecular testing, or alternative methods of collection are still unconclusive. The involvement of the upper airway (nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses) has been cited as the primary source of infection. The present study aims to describe and compare the most frequent findings and pathogens in the nasal tract in patients with cystic fibrosis and to correlate findings with markers of severity and progression of lung disease.
Methods: This is a retrospective study, which included patients with a diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) who are followed up at the Multidisciplinary Outpatient Clinic of the Pediatric Pulmonology Unit of the Hospital S?o Lucas (Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS). Patients who have performed otorhinolaryngological evaluation (ENT) in the last two years (2015-2016) were included. The video naso endoscopy and nasal swab collection were part of the ENT evaluation.
Results: 48 patients with CF were included, of which 30 (62.5%) were male. The mean age was 12.15 years ?6.60, and the mean predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%) was 83.36 ?30.04. When evaluating the presence and characteristic of nasal secretion, only 9 patients (18.7%) presented purulent secretion. Twenty-six patients (54.2%) presented grade 1 tonsils and 12 (25%) grade 2 or 3 patients. Nasal swab bacteriology was positive in 26 (54.1%) patients, from which 22 presented Staphylococcus aureos, 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 Pseudomonas cepacea and 1 Stenotrophomonas maltophila (SM). In 22 patients (45.8%) the result of the culture was negative. In this study, patients who presented positive colonization by the traditional method (oropharynx / sputum) had a statistically significant chance of being identified also by nasal cavity culture (p<0.001). However, the association was not perfect, and showed a low correlation for the detection of gram negative germs. Nasal polyps were observed in 9 participants. When polyp is used as a marker of disease in nasal endoscopy, a strong association is observed between the presence of polyps and lower Shwachman-Kulczycki clinical score (p <0.001).
Conclusions: the results of the culture obtained by collection of the nasal cavity were similar to those found by the standardized collection methods as markers of colonization of the inferior airway. In addition, nasal swabs is characterized as a non-invasive technique and showed to be sensitive to the identification of relevant pathogens in CF, especially SA. In addition, the presence of the polyp in the nasal cavity was shown to be associated with prognostic markers as Shwachman-Kulczycki clinical score. / Introdu??o: a fibrose c?stica ? uma patologia caracterizada por infec??es recorrentes e inflama??o cr?nica do sistema respirat?rio que levam a complica??es pulmonares, por vezes, irrevers?veis. As infec??es s?o causadas, principalmente pelos microorganismos Staphilococcusaureos(SA) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA). O diagn?stico precoce para identifica??o dos germes colonizadores ? ainda um desafio. Consensos sugerem o uso de culturas de swab da orofaringe ou escarro. No entanto, pesquisa por testes moleculares como op??o, ou formas alternativas de coleta ainda s?o inconclusivos. O comprometimento da via a?rea superior (nasofaringe e seios paranasais) tem sido citada como fonte prim?ria de infec??o. O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever e comparar as altera??es e os pat?genos mais frequentes no trato nasal em pacientes com fibrose c?stica e correlacionar os achados com marcadores de gravidade e progress?o da doen?a pulmonar.
M?todos: este ? um estudo retrospectivo, que incluiu pacientes com diagn?stico de Fibrose C?stica (FC) que s?o acompanhados no Ambulat?rio Multidisciplinar de FC do Servi?o de Pneumologia Pedi?trica do Hospital S?o Lucas da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), e que tenham realizado avalia??o otorrinolarigol?gica (ORL) entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. A videonasoendoscopia e a coleta de material da fossa nasal com o uso do swab fizeram parte da avalia??o ORL. Os marcadores de gravidade e progress?o da doen?a foram: ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC), volume expirat?rio for?ado no primeiro segundo(VEF1%) e o escore cl?nico de Shwachman-Kulczycki(S-K).
Resultados: foram inclu?dos 48 pacientes com FC, sendo 30 (62,5%) do g?nero masculino. A m?dia de idade foi 12,15 anos ? 6,60, e a m?dia do percentual do valor previsto de volume expirat?rio for?ado no primeiro segundo (VEF1%) foi de 83,36 ? 30,04. Ao avaliar a presen?a e caracter?stica da secre??o nasal, apenas 9 pacientes (18,7%) apresentavam secre??o purulenta. Com rela??o as tonsilas far?ngeas, 26 pacientes (54,2%) apresentavam tonsilas grau 1 e 12 pacientes (25%) grau 2 ou 3. A bacteriologia do swab nasal foi positiva em 26 (54,1%) pacientes, onde 22 apresentavam Staphylococcus aureos, 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 Pseudomonas cepacea e 1 Stenotrophomonas maltophila(SM). Em 22 pacientes (45,8%) o resultado da cultura foi negativo. Neste estudo, os pacientes que apresentavam coloniza??o positiva pelo m?todo tradicional (orofaringe/escarro), tinham uma chance estatisticamente significativa de serem identificados tamb?m pela cultura da cavidade nasal (p<0,001). Por?m a associa??o n?o ? perfeita, e demonstrou baixa correla??o para detec??o de germes gram negativos. Foram observados p?lipos nasais em 9 participantes. Quando utilizada a presen?a de p?lipo como marcador de doen?a na endoscopia nasal, observa-se uma forte associa??o entre a presen?a de p?lipos e o redu??o dos valores no escore cl?nico de Shwachman-Kulczycki (p<0,001).
Conclus?es: os resultados da cultura obtidos pela coleta da fossa nasal foram semelhantes aos encontrados pelos m?todos de coleta padronizados como marcadores de coloniza??o da via a?rea inferior. Al?m de caracterizar-se como uma t?cnica pouco invasiva, o swab nasal mostra-se sens?vel ? identifica??o de pat?genos relevantes na FC, especialmente SA. Al?m disso, a presen?a do p?lipo na cavidade nasal mostrou ser um dado associado a marcadores de progn?stico medido pelo escore cl?nico de Shwachman-Kulczycki.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/8211 |
| Date | 22 March 2017 |
| Creators | Steffen, Luciane Mazzini |
| Contributors | Pinto, Leonardo Ara?jo |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Medicina/Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a, PUCRS, Brasil, Escola de Medicina |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 3098206005268432148, 500, 500, 500, 600, -224747486637135387, -969369452308786627, 2075167498588264571 |
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