Return to search

The Nucleosome as a Signal Carrying Unit : From Experimental Data to Combinatorial Models of Transcriptional Control

The human genome consists of over 3 billion nucleotides and would be around 2 meters long if uncoiled and laid out. Each human somatic cell contains all this in their nucleus which is only around 5 µm across. This extreme compaction is largely achieved by wrapping the DNA around a histone octamer, the nucleosome. Still, the DNA is accessible to the transcriptional machinery and this regulation is highly dynamic and change rapidly with, e.g. exposure to drugs. The individual histone proteins can carry specific modifications such as methylations and acetylations. These modifications are a major part of the epigenetic status of the DNA which contributes significantly to the transcriptional status of a gene - certain modifications repress transcription and others are necessary for transcription to occur. Specific histone methylations and acetylations have also been implicated in more detailed regulation such as inclusion/exclusion of individual exons, i.e. splicing. Thus, the nucleosome is involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation – both directly from steric hindrance but also as a signaling platform via the epigenetic modifications. In this work, we have developed tools for storage (Paper I) and normalization (Paper II) of next generation sequencing data in general, and analyzed nucleosome locations and histone modification in particular (Paper I, III and IV). The computational tools developed allowed us as one of the first groups to discover well positioned nucleosomes over internal exons in such wide spread organisms as worm, mouse and human. We have also provided biological insight into how the epigenetic histone modifications can control exon expression in a combinatorial way. This was achieved by applying a Monte Carlo feature selection system in combination with rule based modeling of exon expression. The constructed model was validated on data generated in three additional cell types suggesting a general mechanism.

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:UPSALLA1/oai:DiVA.org:uu-129181
Date January 2010
CreatorsEnroth, Stefan
PublisherUppsala universitet, Centrum för bioinformatik, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis
Source SetsDiVA Archive at Upsalla University
LanguageEnglish
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypeDoctoral thesis, comprehensive summary, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis, text
Formatapplication/pdf
Rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
RelationDigital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, 1651-6214 ; 759

Page generated in 0.0022 seconds