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Previous issue date: 2016-10-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The average productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Brazil is one of the lowest in the world. Alternatives that can increase yield in a sustainable manner should be preconized, such as reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers through the adoption of biological nitrogen fixation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of rhizobia inoculation and sowing nitrogen fertilization on growth and common bean yield (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Four experiments were conducted in the field, at the Experimental Station of the Department of Crop Science at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, Brazil. So that each experiment was repeated twice in the same growing season. The experiments were conducted in the dry season and rainy the years 2013 and 2014, In a soil classified as Kanhapudalf. For both experiments, we used the common bean cultivar Carioca, indeterminate growth and high yield potential. In the first year of cultivation in the dry season and rainy the experiments were composed of three treatments: only fertilized with 20 kg N ha-1 at sowing and with 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE (A); only inoculated with Rhizobium at sowing and fertilized with 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE (I+N); and inoculated and fertilized with 20 kg N ha-1 at sowing and with 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE (IA); and an additional treatment only inoculated with Rhizobium with no N fertilization at any phase (I-N), only evaluated in the second year of both growing seasons. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with four replications in both years. Each plot consisted of 6 rows of 5 m spaced 0,5 m apart. At pollination, it was evaluated the number of nodules (NN), nodules dry weight (MSN), shoot dry weight (MSPA) and root dry weight (MSR). However, was observed the highest NN and MSN in treatments without nitrogen fertilization at sowing in both years. Also, it was determinate the leaf soluble proteins content (TPSF) in four developmental stages vegetative, pollination, flowering and grain filling), with higher values for the TPSF in the treatment IA flowering stage. Moreover, for the growth analysis, three plants were collected on the second line of each side of the plot, weekly from 14 DAE until physiological maturation. At physiological maturation all the plants of the two central rows were collected from each plot to evaluate the crop yield components: number of pods per plant (NV), number of grains per pod (NGV), 100 grain matter (MS100G) and grain yield (PG). As for the production of components, there was a significant difference only for PG, with IA producing the highest PG in both years. Therefore, based on these results, it can be concluded that the inoculation with Rhizobium may replace the nitrogen fertilization (20 kg ha-1) at planting without yield loss, however, the nitrogen fertilization (20 kg ha-1) combined with inoculation with Rhizobium at sowing partly inhibit the root nodulation of the common bean plants and increased its total dry weight and grain yield, in both season. However, more studies are needed to recommend these agronomic practices / A produtividade m?dia de feij?o comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) no Brasil ? uma das mais baixas do mundo. Alternativas que possam aumentar a produtividade de forma sustent?vel devem ser preconizadas, tais como a redu??o do uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados pela ado??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (FBN). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influ?ncia da inocula??o de riz?bios e, ou da aduba??o nitrogenada de semeadura no crescimento e produtividade do feijoeiro comum. Foram instalados quatro experimentos no campo experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, Brasil, de modo que cada experimento fosse repetido duas vezes na mesma ?poca de cultivo. Os experimentos foram instalados nas ?pocas da seca e das ?guas dos anos de 2013 e 2014, em um solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo. Para ambos os experimentos, foi utilizado o cultivar de feijoeiro comum Carioca, de crescimento indeterminado e alto potencial produtivo. No primeiro ano de cultivo das ?pocas da seca e das ?guas os experimentos foram compostos por tr?s tratamentos: apenas adubado com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura e 40 kg N ha-1 aos 25 dias ap?s a emerg?ncia (DAE) (A), inoculado com Rhizobium e adubado com 40 kg N ha-1 aos 25 DAE (I+N), inoculado com Rhizobium e adubado com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura e 40 kg N ha-1 aos 25 DAE (IA) e um tratamento adicional somente inoculado com Rhizobium sem aduba??o nitrogenada em nenhum est?dio (I-N), apenas avaliado no segundo ano de ambas as ?pocas de cultivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeti??es em ambos os anos. Cada parcela foi constitu?da por 6 linhas de 5 m, espa?adas de 0,5 m de dist?ncia. No est?dio de poliniza??o, avaliou-se o n?mero de n?dulos (NN), massa seca de n?dulos (MSN), massa seca de parte a?rea (MSPA) e massa seca raiz (MSR), sendo observado o maior NN e MSN nos tratamentos que n?o receberam aduba??o nitrogenada na semeadura em ambos os anos. Tamb?m foram realizadas coletas de tecido foliar para determina??o do teor de prote?nas sol?veis (TPSF) em quatro est?dios de desenvolvimento (vegetativo, poliniza??o, florescimento pleno e enchimento de gr?os), com valores mais elevados para o TPSF no tratamento IA no est?dio de florescimento. Al?m disso, para an?lise de crescimento, foram coletadas tr?s plantas por parcela, semanalmente dos 14 DAE at? a matura??o fisiol?gica. Na matura??o fisiol?gica foram coletadas todas as plantas das duas linhas centrais de cada parcela, desprezando-se o meio metro final de cada extremidade, para avaliar os componentes de produ??o: n?mero de vagens por planta (NV), n?mero de gr?os por vagem (NGV), massa seca de 100 gr?os (MS100G) e produtividade de gr?os (PG). Quanto aos componentes de produ??o, ocorreu diferen?a significativa apenas para PG, com o tratamento IA apresentando rendimentos mais elevados em ambos os anos. Portanto, segundo os resultados obtidos, a inocula??o de riz?bios pode substituir a aduba??o nitrogenada com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura sem perda de produtividade. Al?m disso, a inocula??o com riz?bios, acrescida da aduba??o com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura, inibiu parcialmente a nodula??o e propiciou acr?scimo de produtividade em ambas as ?pocas. No entanto, mais estudos s?o necess?rios para recomenda??o dessas pr?ticas agron?micas.
Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1637 |
Date | 11 October 2016 |
Creators | Barros, Rodrigo Luiz Neves |
Contributors | Pimentel, Carlos, Abboud, Antonio Carlos de Sousa, Jacob neto, Jorge, Jesus, Ederson da Concei??o, Zilli, Jerri ?dson |
Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Fitotecnia, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Agronomia |
Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
Language | Portuguese |
Detected Language | English |
Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
Format | application/pdf |
Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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