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Removal of pentachlorophenol by spent mushroom compost & its products as an integrated sorption and degradation system.

by Wai Lok Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-155). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstracts --- p.ii / Contents --- p.vii / List of figures --- p.xiii / List of tables --- p.xvi / Abbreviations --- p.xviii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Pentachlorophenol / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Applications of pentachlorophenol --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Characteristics --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Pentachlorophenol in the environment --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Toxicity of Pentachlorophenol --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Treatments of Pentachlorophenol --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Physical treatment --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Chemical treatment --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Biological treatment --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3 --- Biodegradation --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Biodegradation of PCP by bacteria --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Biodegradation of PCP by white-rot fungi --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4 --- Biosorption --- p.24 / Chapter 1.5 --- Proposed Strategy --- p.28 / Chapter 1.6 --- Spent Mushroom Compost / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Background --- p.28 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Physico-chemical properties of SMC --- p.29 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- As a biosorbent --- p.29 / Chapter 1.6.3.1 --- Factors affecting biosorption --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6.3.2 --- Contact time --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6.3.3 --- Initial pH --- p.32 / Chapter 1.6.3.4 --- Concentration of biosorbent --- p.33 / Chapter 1.6.3.5 --- Initial PCP concentration --- p.34 / Chapter 1.6.3.6 --- Incubation temperature --- p.34 / Chapter 1.6.3.7 --- Agitation speed --- p.35 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Modeling of adsorption --- p.36 / Chapter 1.6.4.1 --- Langmuir isotherm --- p.36 / Chapter 1.6.4.2 --- Freundlich isotherm --- p.36 / Chapter 1.6.5 --- As a source of PCP-degrading bacteria --- p.38 / Chapter 1.6.5.1 --- Identification of PCP-degrading bacterium --- p.40 / Chapter 1.6.6 --- As a source of fungus --- p.42 / Chapter 1.7 --- Objectives of this Study --- p.43 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.44 / Chapter 2.1 --- Spent Mushroom compost (SMC) Production --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2 --- Characterization of SMC --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- pH --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Electrical conductivity --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- "Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur contents" --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Infrared spectroscopic study --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Metal analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Anion content --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.7. --- Chitin assay --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3 --- Extraction of PCP --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Selection of extraction solvent --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Selection of desorbing agent --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Extraction efficiency --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4 --- Adsorption of Pentachlorophenol on SMC --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Preparation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) stock solution --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Batch adsorption experiment --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Quantification of PCP by HPLC --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Data analysis for biosorption --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Optimization of PCP adsorption --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4.5.1 --- Effect of contact time --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4.5.2 --- Effect of initial pH --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4.5.3 --- Effect of incubation temperature --- p.53 / Chapter 2.4.5.4 --- Effect of shaking speed --- p.53 / Chapter 2.4.5.5 --- Effect of initial PCP concentration and amount of biosorbent --- p.53 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Adsorption isotherm --- p.53 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Effect of removal efficiency on reuse of biosorbent --- p.54 / Chapter 2.5 --- Biodegradation by Isolated Bacterium --- p.54 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Isolation of PCP-tolerant bacteria from mushroom compost --- p.54 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Screening for the best PCP-tolerant bacterium --- p.54 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Identification of the isolated bacterium --- p.55 / Chapter 2.5.3.1 --- 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing --- p.55 / Chapter 2.5.3.1.1 --- Extraction of DNA --- p.55 / Chapter 2.5.3.1.2 --- Specific PCR for 16S rDNA --- p.56 / Chapter 2.5.3.1.3 --- Gel electrophoresis --- p.57 / Chapter 2.5.3.1.4 --- Purification of PCR products --- p.57 / Chapter 2.5.3.1.5 --- Sequencing of 16S rDNA --- p.58 / Chapter 2.5.3.2 --- Gram staining --- p.60 / Chapter 2.5.3.3 --- Biolog Microstation System --- p.60 / Chapter 2.5.3.4 --- MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System --- p.61 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Optimization of PCP degradation by PCP-degrading bacterium --- p.62 / Chapter 2.5.4.1 --- Effect of incubation time --- p.63 / Chapter 2.5.4.2 --- Effect of shaking speed --- p.63 / Chapter 2.5.4.3 --- Effect of initial PCP concentration and inoculum size --- p.63 / Chapter 2.5.4.4 --- Study of PCP degradation pathway by isolated bacterium using GC-MS --- p.64 / Chapter 2.6 --- Biodegradation by Fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius --- p.64 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Optimization of PCP degradation by P. pulmonarius --- p.65 / Chapter 2.6.1.1 --- Effect of incubation time --- p.65 / Chapter 2.6.1.2 --- Effect of shaking speed --- p.65 / Chapter 2.6.1.3 --- Effect of initial PCP concentration and inoculum size --- p.65 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Study of PCP degradation pathway by fungus using GC-MS --- p.65 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Specific enzyme assays --- p.66 / Chapter 2.6.3.1 --- Extraction of protein and enzymes --- p.66 / Chapter 2.6.3.2 --- Protein --- p.66 / Chapter 2.6.3.3 --- Laccase --- p.67 / Chapter 2.6.3.4 --- Manganese peroxidase (MnP) --- p.67 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Microtox® assay --- p.67 / Chapter 2.7 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.68 / Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.69 / Chapter 3.1 --- Physico-chemical Properties of SMC --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2 --- Extraction Efficiency and Desorption Efficiency of PCP --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3 --- Batch Adsorption Experiments --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Optimization of adsorption conditions --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Effect of contact time --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Effect of initial pH --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- Effect of shaking speed --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- Effect of incubation temperature --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.1.5 --- Effect of initial PCP concentration and amount of biosorbent --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Reuse of SMC --- p.83 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Isotherm plot --- p.83 / Chapter 3.4 --- Biodegradation by PCP-degrading Bacterium --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Isolation and purification of PCP-tolerant bacteria --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Identification of the isolated bacterium --- p.90 / Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- 16S rDNA sequencing --- p.90 / Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- Gram staining --- p.90 / Chapter 3.4.2.3 --- Biolog MicroPlates Identification System --- p.90 / Chapter 3.4.2.4 --- MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System --- p.90 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Growth curve of PCP-degrading bacterium --- p.90 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Optimization of PCP degradation by PCP-degrading bacterium --- p.97 / Chapter 3.4.4.1 --- Effect of incubation time --- p.97 / Chapter 3.4.4.2 --- Effect of shaking speed --- p.97 / Chapter 3.4.4.3 --- Effect of initial PCP concentration and inoculum size of bacterium --- p.101 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Determination of breakdown products of PCP by PCP-degrading bacterium --- p.101 / Chapter 3.5 --- Biodegradation by Fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius --- p.103 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Growth curve of P. pulmonarius --- p.103 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Optimization of PCP degradation by P. pulmonarius --- p.103 / Chapter 3.5.2.1 --- Effect of incubation time --- p.103 / Chapter 3.5.2.2 --- Effect of shaking speed --- p.103 / Chapter 3.5.2.3 --- Effect of initial PCP concentration and inoculum size of fungus --- p.108 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Determination of breakdown products of PCP by P. pulmonarius --- p.108 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Enzyme assays --- p.108 / Chapter 3.6 --- Integration of Biosorption by SMC and Biodegradation by P. pulmonarius --- p.112 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Evaluation of PCP removal by an integration system --- p.112 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Evaluation of toxicity by Micortox® assays --- p.112 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.115 / Chapter 4.1 --- Physico-chemical Properties of SMC --- p.115 / Chapter 4.2 --- Extraction Efficiency and Desorption Efficiency of PCP --- p.116 / Chapter 4.3 --- Batch Biosorption Experiment --- p.117 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Effect of contact time --- p.117 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effect of initial pH --- p.118 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effect of shaking speed --- p.120 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Effect of incubation temperature --- p.120 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Effect of initial PCP concentration and amount of biosorbent --- p.121 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Reuse of SMC --- p.122 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Modeling of biosorption --- p.122 / Chapter 4.4 --- Biodegradation of PCP by PCP-degrading Bacterium --- p.124 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Isolation and purification of PCP-tolerant bacterium --- p.124 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Identification of the isolated bacterium --- p.125 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Optimization of PCP degradation by PCP-degrading bacterium --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Effect of incubation time --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- Effect of shaking speed --- p.128 / Chapter 4.4.3.3 --- Effect of initial PCP concentration and inoculum size of bacterium --- p.128 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- PCP degradation pathway by S. marcescens --- p.129 / Chapter 4.5 --- Biodegradation of PCP by Pleurotus pulmonarius --- p.130 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Optimization of PCP degradation by P. pulmonarius --- p.130 / Chapter 4.5.1.1 --- Effect of incubation time --- p.131 / Chapter 4.5.1.2 --- Effect of shaking speed --- p.131 / Chapter 4.5.1.3 --- Effect of initial PCP concentration and inoculum size of fungus --- p.131 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Enzyme activities --- p.132 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- PCP degradation pathway by P. pulmonarius --- p.133 / Chapter 4.6 --- Comparison of PCP Degradation between S.marcescens and P. pulmonarius --- p.133 / Chapter 4.7 --- Integration of Biosorption by SMC and Biodegradation by P. pulmonarius --- p.135 / Chapter 4.8 --- Evaluation of toxicity by Microtox® assay --- p.135 / Chapter 4.9 --- Comparison of PCP Removal by Integration System of Sorption and Fungal Biodegradation and Conventional Treatments --- p.136 / Chapter 4.10 --- Further Investigations --- p.137 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.139 / Chapter 6. --- References --- p.142

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_324277
Date January 2003
ContributorsWai, Lok Man., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biology.
Source SetsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
LanguageEnglish, Chinese
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypeText, bibliography
Formatprint, xix, 155 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
RightsUse of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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