Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-04T17:22:48Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Luis Antonio - Dissertação mestrado - versão biblioteca.pdf: 706561 bytes, checksum: ba004353ceb320d9ea4f9c0ef0b105bd (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-04T17:22:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
Luis Antonio - Dissertação mestrado - versão biblioteca.pdf: 706561 bytes, checksum: ba004353ceb320d9ea4f9c0ef0b105bd (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Clobetasol propionate is one of the most potent topical corticosteroids usually available and has been established the use in treatment of various skin pathology. However its systemic absorption may cause serious side effects. The use of lipids nanocarriers and application of iontophoretic current shown potential to further controlled release of clobetasol propionate and increase their retention in the stratum corneum, thus making its management more effective and safe. In this study an analytical method was developed and validated for quantification of clobetasol propionate in nanocarriers and pig skin, used as model membranes in vitro permeation studies. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were obtained by dilution of microemulsion and chitosan-coated NLC (NLC-Ch) by the dripping of NLC in
chitosan solution. The developed nanocarriers were characterized to mean diameter,
polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading, recovery and encapsulation
efficiency. The in vitro release and permeation profile of clobetasol free and
nanoencapsulated was evaluated using Franz cells. The nanocariers obtained of 125
nm and uniform size distribution, whit PdI 0,25. The increase in size of NLC-Ch and
the inverting the value of zeta potential, suggest that there was a coating of the CLN
by chitosan, though interaction of charges. The NLC and NLC-Ch showed recovery
values greater than 80% and encapsulation efficiency than 90%. The release profile
of clobetasol from the developed formulations showed a controlled release with 35%
in 24 hours of study. The nanoenapsulation of clobetasol in the NLC-Ch and NLC
resulted in retention increased in the stratum corneum of 9.2 an 7.8 fold, respectively,
compared to free drug. The retention of the clobetasol in the stratum corneum was 4
and 2 times higher when electric current was applied to the formulation CLNQ,
compared to the free drug and encapsulated in NLC, respectively. The accumulation
of the drug in the stratum corneum, promoted by lipid carriers, shows that these
systems are effective for potential topical delivery to minimize the permeation of the
drug into the bloodstream and reduces the side effects. / O propionato de clobetasol é um dos mais potentes corticosteroides tópicos disponíveis atualmente e tem uso consagrado no tratamento de diferentes patologias cutâneas. Contudo, a sua absorção sistêmica pode causar graves efeitos adversos. O uso de nanocarreadores lipídicos e a aplicação de corrente iontoforética
apresentam potencial para promover liberação controlada do propionato de clobetasol e aumentar a sua retenção no estrato córneo, tornando assim sua administração mais segura e efetiva. No presente trabalho, um método cromatográfico foi desenvolvido e validado para quantificação do propionato de clobetasol nos nanocarreadores e na pele de porco, utilizada como modelo de membrana nos estudos de permeação in vitro. Carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados (CLN) foram obtidos pelo método da diluição de microemulsão e
CLN revestidos com quitosana (CLN-Q) foram obtidos pelo gotejamento dos CLN em solução de quitosana. Os nanocarreadores desenvolvidos foram caracterizados quanto ao diâmetro médio, índice de polidispersividade, potencial zeta, carga de fármaco, recuperação e eficiência de encapsulação. O perfil de liberação e de permeação in vitro do clobetasol livre e nanoencapsulado foi avaliado utilizando células de Franz. Os CLN obtidos apresentaram tamanho de 125 nm e distribuição de tamanho uniforme, com PdI de 0,25. O aumento no tamanho médio dos CLN-Q, para 257 nm, e a inversão no valor de potencial zeta sugerem que houve revestimento dos CLN pela quitosana, por meio de interação de cargas. Os CLN e
CLN-Q apresentaram valores de recuperação maiores que 80% e de eficiência de encapsulação superiores a 90%. O perfil de liberação do clobetasol a partir das formulações desenvolvidas mostrou uma liberação controlada, com cerca de 35% em 24 horas de estudo. A nanoencapsulação do clobetasol nos CLN-Q e CLN
resultou em retenção aumentada do fármaco no estrato córneo de 9,2 e 7,8 vezes, respectivamente, comparado ao fármaco livre. A retenção do clobetasol no estrato córneo foi de 4 e 2 vezes maior quando corrente elétrica foi aplicada na formulação CLNQ, comparado ao fármaco livre e encapsulado nos CLN, respectivamente. O acúmulo do fármaco no estrato córneo, promovido pelos carreadores lipídicos,
mostrou que esses sistemas são efetivos para entrega tópica deste fármaco com potencial para minimizar sua absorção percutânea, e dessa forma, diminuir os seus efeitos adversos.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.bc.ufg.br:tde/3009 |
| Date | 18 March 2013 |
| Creators | Silva, Luis Antônio Dantas |
| Contributors | Marreto, Ricardo Neves, Cutaneous retentio., Taveira, Stephânia Fleury, Marreto, Ricardo Neves, Gratieri, Taís, Taveira, Stephânia Fleury |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal de Goiás, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (FF), UFG, Brasil, Faculdade Farmácia - FF (RG) |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | Portuguese |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFG, instname:Universidade Federal de Goiás, instacron:UFG |
| Rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 824936988196152412, 600, 600, 600, 600, 6010281161524209375, -3959484153940758247, -2555911436985713659, ABLA, N.; NAIK, A.; GUY, R. H.; KALIA, Y. N. Contributions of electromigration and electroosmosis to peptide iontophoresis across intact and impaired skin. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 108, n. 2–3, p. 319-330, 2005. AL-QADI, S.; GRENHA, A.; CARRIÓN-RECIO, D.; SEIJO, B.; REMUÑÁN-LÓPEZ, C. Microencapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary protein delivery: In vivo evaluation of insulin-loaded formulations. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 157, n. 3, p. 383-390, 2012. ALEXANDER, A.; DWIVEDI, S.; AJAZUDDIN; GIRI, T. K.; SARAF, S.; SARAF, S.; TRIPATHI, D. K. Approaches for breaking the barriers of drug permeation through transdermal drug delivery. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 164, n. 1, p. 26-40, 2012. AMIDI, M.; MASTROBATTISTA, E.; JISKOOT, W.; HENNINK, W. E. Chitosan-based delivery systems for protein therapeutics and antigens. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 62, n. 1, p. 59-82, 2010. AULTON, M.E. Delineamento de formas farmacêuticas. Artmed, 2 ed., 2006. AUSTAD, J.; BJERKE, J. R.; GJERTSEN, B. T.; HELLAND, S.; LIVDEN, J. K.; MORKEN, T.; MORK, N. J. Clobetasol propionate followed by calcipotriol is superior to calcipotriol alone in topical treatment of psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, v. 11, n. 1, p. 19-24, 1998. AZEVEDO, V. V. C.; CHAVES, S. A.; BEZERRA, D. C.; FOOK, M. V. L.; M.COSTA, A. C. F. Quitina e Quitosana: aplicações como biomateriais. Revista Eletrônica de Materiais e Processos. Campina Grande. 2.3: 27-34 p. 2007. BAROLI, B. Penetration of nanoparticles and nanomaterials in the skin: fiction or reality? J Pharm Sci, v. 99, n. 1, p. 21-50, 2010. BARRY, B. W. Drug delivery routes in skin: a novel approach. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 54, Supplement, n. 0, p. S31-S40, 2002. BOLZINGER, M.-A.; BRIANÇON, S.; PELLETIER, J.; CHEVALIER, Y. Penetration of drugs through skin, a complex rate-controlling membrane. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, v. 17, n. 3, p. 156-165, 2012. BORGIA, S. L.; REGEHLY, M.; SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, R.; MEHNERT, W.; KORTING, H. C.; DANKER, K.; RÖDER, B.; KRAMER, K. D.; SCHÄFER-KORTING, M. Lipid nanoparticles for skin penetration enhancement—correlation to drug localization within the particle matrix as determined by fluorescence and parelectric spectroscopy. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 110, n. 1, p. 151-163, 2005. BORR S-BLASCO, .; L PEZ, A.; MORANT, M. .; D EZ-SALES, O.; HERR EZDOM NGUEZ, M. Influence of sodium lauryl sulphate on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of compounds with different lipophilicity. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, v. 5, n. 1, p. 15-22, 1997. BOUWSTRA, J. A.; HONEYWELL-NGUYEN, P. L. Skin structure and mode of action of vesicles. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 54, Supplement, n. 0, p. S41-S55, 2002. BUCK, P. Skin barrier function: effect of age, race and inflammatory disease. International Journal of Aromatherapy, v. 14, n. 2, p. 70-76, 2004. CEVEC, G.; BLUME, G. Hidrocortisone and dexamethasone in very deformable drug carriers have increased biological potency, prolonged effect, and reduced therapeutic dosage. Biochimica et Biophisica Acta, v. 1663, p. 61-73, 2004. CHEN-YU, G.; CHUN-FEN, Y.; QI-LU, L.; QI, T.; YAN-WEI, X.; WEI-NA, L.; GUANGXI, Z. Development of a Quercetin-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier formulation for topical delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 430, n. 1–2, p. 292298, 2012. COSTA, A. D.; MACHADO, S.; SELORES, M. Corticóides tópicos: Considerações sobre a sua aplicação na patologia cutânea. Rev Port Clin Geral, v. 21, p. 367-373, 2005. DASH, M.; CHIELLINI, F.; OTTENBRITE, R. M.; CHIELLINI, E. Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications. Progress in Polymer Science, v. 36, n. 8, p. 981-1014, 2011. DE ROSA, F. S.; TEDESCO, A. C.; LOPEZ, R. F. V.; RIEMMA PIERRE, M. B.; LANGE, N.; MARCHETTI, J. M.; GOMES ROTTA, J. C.; LOPES BADRA BENTLEY, M. V. In vitro skin permeation and retention of 5-aminolevulinic acid ester derivatives for photodynamic therapy. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 89, n. 2, p. 261-269, 2003. DUBEY, V.; MISHRA, D.; DUTTA, T.; NAHAR, M.; SARAF, D. K.; JAIN, N. K. Dermaland transdermal delivery of an anti-psoriatic agent via ethanolic liposomes. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 123, n. 2, p. 148-154, 2007. DUTTA, P. K.; DUTTA, J.; TRIPATHI, V. S. Chitin and Chitosan: chemistry, properties and applications. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, v. 63, p. 20-31, 2004. EL-SHABOURI, M. H. Positively charged nanoparticles for improving the oral bioavailability of cyclosporin-A. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 249, n. 1–2, p. 101-108, 2002. FANG, J.-Y.; FANG, C.-L.; LIU, C.-H.; SU, Y.-H. Lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for topical psoralen delivery: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) versus nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 70, n. 2, p. 633-640, 2008. FELDMAN, S. R.; YENTZER, B. A. Topical clobetasol propionate in the treatment of psoriasis: a review of newer formulations. Am J Clin Dermatol, v. 10, n. 6, p. 397406, 2009. FOLDVARI, M. Non-invasive administration of drugs through the skin: challenges in delivery system design. Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Today, v. 3, n. 12, p. 417-425, 2000. FONTANA, M. C.; REZER, J. F. P.; CORADINI, K.; LEAL, D. B. R.; BECK, R. C. R. Improved efficacy in the treatment of contact dermatitis in rats by a dermatological nanomedicine containing clobetasol propionate. European Journal ofPharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 79, n. 2, p. 241-249, 2011. FORMARIZ, T. P.; URBAN, M. C. C.; JÚNIOR, A. A. D. S.; GREMIÃO, M. P. D.; OLIVEIRA, A. G. D. Microemulsões e fases líquidas cristalinas como sistemas de liberação de fármacos. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas, v. 41, n. 3, p. 301-313, 2005. FREITAS, C.; MÜLLER, R. H. Effect of light and temperature on zeta potential and physical stability in solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN™) dispersions. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 168, n. 2, p. 221-229, 1998. GAN, Q.; WANG, T. Chitosan nanoparticle as protein delivery carrier—Systematic examination of fabrication conditions for efficient loading and release. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, v. 59, n. 1, p. 24-34, 2007. GRATIERI, T.; GELFUSO, G. M.; LOPEZ, R. F. V. Princípios Básicos e Aplicação da Iontoforese na Penetração Cutânea de Fármacos. Química Nova, v. 31, n. 6, p. 1490-1498, 2008. GUY, R. H.; KALIA, Y. N.; DELGADO-CHARRO, M. B.; MERINO, V.; LÓPEZ, A.; MARRO, D. Iontophoresis: electrorepulsion and electroosmosis. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 64, n. 1–3, p. 129-132, 2000. HARRISON, S. M.; BARRY, B. W.; DUGARD, P. H. Effects of freezing on human skin permeability. Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, v. 36, 1984. HEJAZI, R.; AMIJI, M. Chitosan-based gastrointestinal delivery systems. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 89, n. 2, p. 151-165, 2003. HIRVONEN, J.; GUY, R. H. Iontophoretic delivery across the skin: electroosmosis and its modulation by drug substances. Pharm Res, v. 14, n. 9, p. 1258-63, 1997. HU, F.-Q.; JIANG, S.-P.; DU, Y.-Z.; YUAN, H.; YE, Y.-Q.; ZENG, S. Preparation and characterization of stearic acid nanostructured lipid carriers by solvent diffusion method in an aqueous system. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, v. 45, n. 3–4, p. 167-173, 2005. ______. Preparation and characteristics of monostearin nanostructured lipid carriers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 314, n. 1, p. 83-89, 2006. HU, F. Q.; YUAN, H.; ZHANG, H. H.; FANG, M. Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles with clobetasol propionate by a novel solvent diffusion method in aqueous system and hysicochemical characterization. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 239, n. 1–2, p. 121-128, 2002. JADOUL, A.; BOUWSTRA, J.; PRÉAT, V. Effects of iontophoresis and electroporation on the stratum corneum: Review of the biophysical studies. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 35, n. 1, p. 89-105, 1999. JANEGITZ, B. C.; LOURENÇÃO, B. C.; LUPETTI, K. O.; FATIBELLO-FILHO, O. Desenvolvimento de um método empregando quitosana para remoção de íons metálicos de águas residuárias. Química Nova, v. 30, n. 4, p. 879-884, 2007. JANEGITZ, B. C.; LOURENÇÃO, B. C.; LUPETTI, K. O.; FATIBELLO-FILHO, O. Desenvolvimento de um método empregando quitosana para remoção de íons metálicos de águas residuárias. Química Nova, v. 30, n. 4, p. 879-884, 2007. JENNING, V.; THÜNEMANN, A. F.; GOHLA, S. H. Characterisation of a novel solid lipid nanoparticle carrier system based on binary mixtures of liquid and solid lipids. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 199, n. 2, p. 167-177, 2000. JOSHI, M.; PATRAVALE, V. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) based gel of celecoxib. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 346, n. 1–2, p. 124-132, 2008. KAJIMOTO, K.; YAMAMOTO, M.; WATANABE, M.; KIGASAWA, K.; KANAMURA, K.; HARASHIMA, H.; KOGURE, K. Noninvasive and persistent transfollicular drug delivery system using a combination of liposomes and iontophoresis. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 403, n. 1–2, p. 57-65, 2011. KALIA, Y. N.; NAIK, A.; GARRISON, J.; GUY, R. H. Iontophoretic drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 56, n. 5, p. 619-658, 2004. KEAN, T.; THANOU, M. Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 62, n. 1, p. 3-11, 2010. KIGASAWA, K.; KAJIMOTO, K.; HAMA, S.; SAITO, A.; KANAMURA, K.; KOGURE, K. Noninvasive delivery of siRNA into the epidermis by iontophoresis using an atopic dermatitis-like model rat. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 383, n. 1–2, p. 157-160, 2010. KÜCHLER, S.; HERRMANN, W.; PANEK-MINKIN, G.; BLASCHKE, T.; ZOSCHKE, C.; KRAMER, K. D.; BITTL, R.; SCHÄFER-KORTING, M. SLN for topical application in skin diseases—Characterization of drug–carrier and carrier–target interactions. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 390, n. 2, p. 225-233, 2010. KUNTSCHE, J.; BUNJES, H.; FAHR, A.; PAPPINEN, S.; RÖNKKÖ, S.; SUHONEN, M.; URTTI, A. Interaction of lipid nanoparticles with human epidermis and an organotypic cell culture model. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 354, n. 1–2, p. 180-195, 2008. KURITA, K. Chemistry and application of chitin and chitosan. Polymer Degradation and Stability, v. 59, n. 1–3, p. 117-120, 1998. LADEMANN, J.; JACOBI, U.; SURBER, C.; WEIGMANN, H. J.; FLUHR, J. W. The tape stripping procedure – evaluation of some critical parameters. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 72, n. 2, p. 317-323, 2009. LIU, K.-C.; GREEN, C. R.; ALANY, R. G.; RUPENTHAL, I. D. Synergistic effect of chemical penetration enhancer and iontophoresis on transappendageal transport of oligodeoxynucleotides. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2012. LIU, W.; HU, M.; LIU, W.; XUE, C.; XU, H.; YANG, X. Investigation of the carbopol gel of solid lipid nanoparticles for the transdermal iontophoretic delivery of triamcinolone acetonide acetate. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 364, n. 1, p. 135-141, 2008. LUO, Q.; ZHAO, J.; ZHANG, X.; PAN, W. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) coated with Chitosan Oligosaccharides and its potential use in ocular drug delivery system. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 403, n. 1–2, p. 185-191, 2011. MAIA, C. S.; MEHNERT, W.; SCHÄFER-KORTING, M. Solid lipid nanoparticles as drug carriers for topical glucocorticoids. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 196, n. 2, p. 165-167, 2000. MAO, S.; SUN, W.; KISSEL, T. Chitosan-based formulations for delivery of DNA and siRNA. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 62, n. 1, p. 12-27, 2010. MARTINS, M. R. F. M.; VEIGA, F. Promotores de permeação para a liberação transdérmica de fármacos:uma nova aplicação para as ciclodextrinas. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas, v. 38, n. 1, p. 33-54, 2002. MEHNERT, W.; MÄDER, K. Solid lipid nanoparticles: Production, characterization and applications. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 64, Supplement, n. 0, p. 83101, 2012. MERINO, V.; KALIA, Y. N.; GUY, R. H. Transdermal therapy and diagnosis by iontophoresis. Trends in Biotechnology, v. 15, n. 8, p. 288-290, 1997. MOSER, K.; KRIWET, K.; NAIK, A.; KALIA, Y. N.; GUY, R. H. Passive skin penetration enhancement and its quantification in vitro. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 52, n. 2, p. 103-112, 2001. MÜLLER, R. H.; MÄDER, K.; GOHLA, S. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery – a review of the state of the art. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 50, n. 1, p. 161-177, 2000. MÜLLER, R. H.; RADTKE, M.; WISSING, S. A. Nanostructured lipid matrices for improved microencapsulation of drugs. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 242, n. 1–2, p. 121-128, 2002a. ______. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 54, Supplement, n. 0, p. S131-S155, 2002b. NAIK, A.; KALIA, Y. N.; GUY, R. H. Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skin’s barrier function. Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Today, v. 3, n. 9, p. 318326, 2000. NAM, Y. S.; KWON, I. K.; LEE, K. B. Monitoring of clobetasol propionate and betamethasone dipropionate as undeclared steroids in cosmetic products manufactured in Korea. Forensic Sci Int, v. 210, n. 1-3, p. 144-8, 2011. NEUBERT, R. H. H. Potentials of new nanocarriers for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 77, n. 1, p. 1-2, 2011. NOLAN, L. M. A.; CORISH, J.; CORRIGAN, O. I.; FITZPATRICK, D. Iontophoretic and chemical enhancement of drug delivery: Part I: Across artificial membranes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 257, n. 1–2, p. 41-55, 2003. OBEIDAT, W. M.; SCHWABE, K.; MÜLLER, R. H.; KECK, C. M. Preservation of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 76, n. 1, p. 56-67, 2010. OH, S. Y.; GUY, R. H. Effects of iontophoresis on the electrical properties of human skin in vivo. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 124, n. 1, p. 137-142, 1995. OLBRICH, C.; MÜLLER, R. H. Enzymatic degradation of SLN—effect of surfactant and surfactant mixtures. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 180, n. 1, p. 31-39, 1999. P. SHAH, P.; R. DESAI, P.; SINGH, M. Effect of oleic acid modified polymeric bilayered nanoparticles on percutaneous delivery of spantide II and ketoprofen. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 158, n. 2, p. 336-345, 2012. PANCHAGNULA, R.; PILLAI, O.; NAIR, V. B.; RAMARAO, P. Transdermal iontophoresis revisited. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, v. 4, n. 4, p. 468473, 2000. PEIRA, E.; CARLOTTI, M. E.; TROTTA, C.; CAVALLI, R.; TROTTA, M. Positively charged microemulsions for topical application. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 346, n. 1–2, p. 119-123, 2008. PIKAL, M. J. The role of electroosmotic flow in transdermal iontophoresis. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 9, n. 2–3, p. 201-237, 1992. ______. The role of electroosmotic flow in transdermal iontophoresis. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 46, n. 1–3, p. 281-305, 2001. PROW, T. W.; GRICE, J. E.; LIN, L. L.; FAYE, R.; BUTLER, M.; BECKER, W.; WURM, E. M. T.; YOONG, C.; ROBERTSON, T. A.; SOYER, H. P.; ROBERTS, M. S. Nanoparticles and microparticles for skin drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 63, n. 6, p. 470-491, 2011. QI, L.; XU, Z. In vivo antitumor activity of chitosan nanoparticles. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, v. 16, n. 16, p. 4243-4245, 2006. RAVI KUMAR, M. N. V. A review of chitin and chitosan applications. Reactive and Functional Polymers, v. 46, n. 1, p. 1-27, 2000. REEPMEYER, J. C.; REVELLE, L. K.; VIDAVSKY, I. Detection of clobetasol propionate as an undeclared steroid in zinc pyrithione formulations by highperformance liquid chromatography with rapid-scanning ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, v. 828, n. 1–2, p. 239-246, 1998. RIBAUD, C.; GARSON, J. C.; DOUCET, J.; LEVEQUE, J. L. Organization of stratum corneum lipids in relation to permeability: influence of sodium lauryl sulfate and preheating. Pharm Res, v. 11, n. 10, p. 1414-8, 1994. RIDOLFI, D. M.; MARCATO, P. D.; JUSTO, G. Z.; CORDI, L.; MACHADO, D.; DURÁN, N. Chitosan-solid lipid nanoparticles as carriers for topical delivery of tretinoin. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, v. 93, n. 0, p. 36-40, 2012. RINAUDO, M. Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, v. 31, n. 7, p. 603-632, 2006. SCHÄFER-KORTING, M.; MEHNERT, W.; KORTING, H.-C. Lipid nanoparticles for improved topical application of drugs for skin diseases. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 59, n. 6, p. 427-443, 2007. SCHAFFNIT, R.; WICKLANDT, P.; MOLL, F. Controlled iontophoretic release of glucocorticoids through epithelial cell monolayers. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 54, n. 1, p. 9-14, 1998. ŞENYIĞIT, T.; PADULA, C.; ÖZER, Ö.; SANTI, P. Different approaches for improving skin accumulation of topical corticosteroids. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 380, n. 1–2, p. 155-160, 2009. ŞENYIĞIT, T.; SONVICO, F.; BARBIERI, S.; ÖZER, Ö.; SANTI, P.; COLOMBO, P. Lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles of clobetasol-17-propionate capable of accumulation in pig skin. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 142, n. 3, p. 368-373, 2010. SILVA, J. A.; APOLINÁRIO, A. C.; SOUZA, M. S. R.; DAMASCENO, B. P. G. L.; MEDEIROS, A. C. D. Administração cutânea de fármacos: desafios e estratégias para o desenvolvimento de formulações transdérmicas. Journal of Basic and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, v. 31, n. 3, p. 125-131, 2010. SINGH, P.; MAIBACH, H. I. Iontophoresis: an alternative to the use of carriers in cutaneous drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 18, n. 3, p. 379-394, 1996. SONVICO, F.; CAGNANI, A.; ROSSI, A.; MOTTA, S.; DI BARI, M. T.; CAVATORTA, F.; ALONSO, M. J.; DERIU, A.; COLOMBO, P. Formation of self-organized nanoparticles by lecithin/chitosan ionic interaction. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, v. 324, n. 1, p. 67-73, 2006. SOUZA, L. G.; SILVA, E. J.; MARTINS, A. L. L.; MOTA, M. F.; BRAGA, R. C.; LIMA, E. M.; VALADARES, M. C.; TAVEIRA, S. F.; MARRETO, R. N. Development of topotecan loaded lipid nanoparticles for chemical stabilization and prolonged release. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 79, n. 1, p. 189196, 2011. SPARIDANS, R. W.; VAN VELSEN, S. G. A.; DE ROOS, M. P.; SCHELLENS, J. H. M.; BRUIJNZEEL-KOOMEN, C. A. F. M.; BEIJNEN, J. H. Liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometric assay for clobetasol propionate in human serum from patients with atopic dermatitis. Journal of Chromatography B, v. 878, n. 23, p. ,2150-2154, 2010. SWARBRICK, J.; LEE, G., BROM, J. Drug permeation through human skin: I. Effect of storage conditions of skin. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, v. 78, p. 63-66, 1982. TAVEIRA, S. F.; NOMIZO, A.; LOPEZ, R. F. V. Effect of the iontophoresis of a chitosan gel on doxorubicin skin penetration and cytotoxicity. Journal of Controlled Release, v. 134, n. 1, p. 35-40, 2009. TEMPARK, T.; PHATARAKIJNIRUND, V.; CHATPROEDPRAI, S.; WATCHARASINDHU, S.; SUPORNSILCHAI, V.; WANANUKUL, S. Exogenous Cushing's syndrome due to topical corticosteroid application: case report and review literature. Endocrine, v. 38, n. 3, p. 328-34, 2010. TOMODA, K.; TERASHIMA, H.; SUZUKI, K.; INAGI, T.; TERADA, H.; MAKINO, K. Enhanced transdermal delivery of indomethacin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles by iontophoresis. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, v. 88, n. 2, p. 706-710, 2011. VENTURA, C. A.; TOMMASINI, S.; CRUPI, E.; GIANNONE, I.; CARDILE, V.; MUSUMECI, T.; PUGLISI, G. Chitosan microspheres for intrapulmonary administration of moxifloxacin: Interaction with biomembrane models and in vitro permeation studies. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 68, n. 2, p. 235-244, 2008. WANG, Y.; THAKUR, R.; FAN, Q.; MICHNIAK, B. Transdermal iontophoresis: combination strategies to improve transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 60, n. 2, p. 179-191, 2005. WIEDERSBERG, S.; LEOPOLD, C. S.; GUY, R. H. Bioavailability and bioequivalence of topical glucocorticoids. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, v. 68, n. 3, p. 453-466, 2008. WISSING, S. A.; KAYSER, O.; MÜLLER, R. H. Solid lipid nanoparticles for parenteral drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, v. 56, n. 9, p. 1257-1272, 2004. XU, J.; MA, L.; LIU, Y.; XU, F.; NIE, J.; MA, G. Design and characterization of antitumor drug paclitaxel-loaded chitosan nanoparticles by W/O emulsions. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v. 50, n. 2, p. 438-443, 2012. YING, X.-Y.; CUI, D.; YU, L.; DU, Y.-Z. Solid lipid nanoparticles modified with chitosan oligosaccharides for the controlled release of doxorubicin. Carbohydrate Polymers, v. 84, n. 4, p. 1357-1364, 2011. ZHANG, J.; SMITH, E. Percutaneous permeation of betamethasone 17- valerate incorporated in lipid nanoparticles. Journal of Pharmeutical Science, v. 100, n. 3, p. 896-903, 2011. |
Page generated in 0.0068 seconds