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Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Banana is a tropical fruit cultivated in warm places and harvested during the whole year, as well as its consumption is intense. It is known that banana productivity, however, is threatened due to the vulnerability of the cultivars to some pests and diseases. Because of this, some agrochemicals are recommended to avoid the attack of these hindrances such as: azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, diphenoconazole, imazalil, bifenthrin, and chlorpyriphos. All of them can cause serious health problems in humans such as cancer and neurological diseases and adverse reproductive effects are associated with the consumption and/or exposure to these hazardous substances. However, even when applied in conformity with Good Agricultural Practices, pesticides can leave residues, that can still be present in the soils as well as in the fruits. Due to these considerations, this study has as aim the technical evaluation of supercritical fluid in the extraction of pesticides present in banana flour (Musa spp). Therefore, the whole fruits (8 g), previously submitted to lyophilization and milling were fortified, during a stable period of overnight, with a solution containing the agrochemical standards mentioned above, diluted in methanol. The experimental unit consisted basically of a 42 mL extractor, a high pressure pump and a micrometering valve to sample removal. Different operational conditions were investigated (60 ?C ? 200 bar; 46 ?C ? 244 bar; 74 ?C ? 244 bar; 40 ?C ? 350 bar; 60 ?C ? 350 bar; 80 ?C ? 350 bar; 46 ?C ? 456 bar; 74 ?C ? 456 bar and 60 ?C ? 500 bar) based on an experimental design. The analysis of the extracted pesticides was performed using an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS). It was observed that the yield of the extract increased with the temperature increasing. According to the results, the extraction at 80 ?C and 350 bar was able to remove 1.4194% of the extracts in the banana. The yield of pesticides increased with the pressure increasing and the better condition was at 500 bar and 60 ?C. The experimental data were well modelled by the models of Esqu?vel et al. (1999), Reverchon & Osseo (1994), Zekovi? et al. (2003) and Sovov? (1999). The Chrastil (1982) model could represent the solubility behavior of the pesticides with the variation of temperature and pressure. / A banana ? uma fruta tropical cultivada em locais quentes e colhida durante todo o ano, assim como seu consumo ? intenso durante todo o ano. Sabe-se que a produtividade da banana, no entanto, est? amea?ada devido ? vulnerabilidade de tais cultivares a algumas pragas e doen?as. Devido a isso, alguns agroqu?micos s?o recomendados para evitar o ataque destes entraves ? produtividade da banana, tais como: azoxistrobina, clorotalonil, difenoconazol, imazalil, bifentrina e clorpirifos. Todos esses compostos podem causar s?rios problemas de sa?de em seres humanos, como o c?ncer, assim como doen?as neurol?gicas e efeitos reprodutivos adversos est?o associados ? ingest?o e/ou exposi??o a estas subst?ncias perigosas. No entanto, mesmo quando aplicados em conformidade com as Boas Pr?ticas Agr?colas, os pesticidas podem deixar res?duos, que ainda podem estar presentes tanto nos solos como nos frutos. Devido a estas considera??es, este estudo tem como objetivo a avalia??o t?cnica do fluido supercr?tico na extra??o de agrot?xicos presentes na farinha de banana (Musa spp). Assim, os frutos inteiros (8 g), previamente submetidos ? liofiliza??o e moagem foram fortificados, durante um per?odo est?vel de um dia para o outro, com uma solu??o contendo os padr?es dos pesticidas mencionados acima, dilu?dos em metanol. A unidade experimental consiste basicamente em um extrator de 42 mL, uma bomba de alta press?o e uma v?lvula microm?trica para remo??o da amostra. Foram investigadas diferentes condi??es operacionais (60 ?C a 200 bar, 46 ?C a 244 bar, 74 ?C a 244 bar, 40 ?C a 350 bar, 60 ?C a 350 bar, 80 ?C a 350 bar, 46 ?C a 456 bar e 74 ?C - 456 bar e 60 ?C - 500 bar) com base em um planejamento experimental. A an?lise dos pesticidas extra?dos foi realizada utilizando cromatografia l?quida de ultra desempenho acoplada ao espectr?metro de massa (UPLC-MS). Observou-se que o rendimento do extrato aumentou com o aumento da temperatura. De acordo com os resultados, a extra??o a 80 ?C e 350 bar foi capaz de remover 1,4194% dos extratos na banana. Para o rendimento de pesticidas, observou-se um aumento com o aumento da press?o e a melhor condi??o foi a 500 bar e 60 ?C. Os dados experimentais foram modelados pelos modelos de Esqu?vel et al. (1999), Reverchon & Osseo (1994), Zekovi? et al. (2003) e Sovov? (1999), apresentando boa correla??o. O modelo de Chrastil (1982) conseguiu representar o comportamento da solubilidade dos agrot?xicos com a varia??o de temperatura e press?o.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1952 |
| Date | 22 February 2017 |
| Creators | SARTORI, Roberta Benic? |
| Contributors | Mendes, Marisa Fernandes, Mendes, Marisa Fernandes, Lirio, Cl?udia Ferreira da Silva, Mirre, Reinaldo Coelho |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia Qu?mica, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Tecnologia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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