In the South African public health care system, HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) has
become a function that is routinely entrusted to lay counsellors. These counsellors are expected
to educate clients about HIV and AIDS, encourage them to be tested and convince them to
change risky behavioural practices. They have to convey the clients’ test results and assist those
who test HIV-positive and their families to cope with the psychological challenges associated
with the diagnosis. The counsellors occupy the front line of HIV and AIDS service delivery,
even though they are not formally employed in the health care system. They only have basic
training and are not adequately remunerated. The counsellors are confronted with psychological
and structural stressors in their work. Psychological stressors include the impact of emotionally
challenging work, the lack of appropriate training, debriefing and supervision. Because they are
not formally employed in the health care system, there is a lack of formal supervision or
channels to discuss their frustrations. This research focuses on the stressors which HIV
counsellors experience, how they cope, and the impact it has on their psychological well-being.
As part of the mixed methods approach 50 HCT counsellors working at the City of
Tshwane clinics completed the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, the Maslach Burnout
Inventory for Human Services Survey (MBI- HSS), the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies
Depression scale (CES-D), and the Brief COPE scale to assess their psychological well-being.
In addition, they participated in focus group discussions. EQ-i scores indicated that counsellors reported below average emotional skills, with the overall
group score of (88.76). Scores that indicated average emotional skills were Self-Regard (101),
Interpersonal Relationships (100.12), and Impulse Control (102.66). Scores that indicated low
emotional skills were Independence (86.66), Self-Actualization (88.28), and Reality Testing (83.94). Although they reported high levels of Emotional Exhaustion (27.66), they also have a
sense of high Personal Accomplishment (38.64) (MBI-HSS). Counsellors reported an overall
CES-D score which was indicative of mild depression (26.08). Counsellors used mostly positive
coping skills that included religion, planning, and direct action in coping with stressors in their
lives. In a regression analysis with depression as the dependent variable, there was a positive
relationship between depression and depersonalization and a negative relationship with positive
or active coping and assertiveness.
It was concluded that counsellors experienced some depression, emotional exhaustion,
and lower than average levels of emotional well-being. Despite that, they reported positive ways
of coping and high levels of personal accomplishment. Counsellors were motivated by their
sense of altruism, compassion towards their clients, the positive changes they see in client’s lives
as well as the reciprocal relationships they have formed with their clients. Counsellors thus have
strengths to cope with the high level of stressors and challenges related to their work. It can be
concluded that their state of mental health is in line with Keyes’ proposal that mental health
forms a continuum. They fluctuate between mental well-being and mental ill-being. However, it
is necessary to assist HCT counsellors to develop their emotional capacities to enable them to
enhance their ability to counsel their clients effectively. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Psychology / unrestricted
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:up/oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/33375 |
| Date | January 2013 |
| Creators | Mabota, Princess Martinah |
| Contributors | Visser, M.J. (Maretha Johanna), princess.mabota@up.ac.za |
| Publisher | University of Pretoria |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Dissertation |
| Rights | © 2013 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
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