Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The basic principles of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) include
“an integrated and sustainable programme” and “a people-driven process”. Section 2.3 of
the RDP identifies the National Public Works Programme (NPWP) as a key
implementation strategy of the RDP, with the primary purpose of creating jobs and
providing community infrastructure, in a manner that impacts on the socio-economic
conditions of the poor (ANC, 1994:1-18). The NPWP was operationalised in late 1995 as a
Community Based Public Works Project (CBPWP) to carry out this broad mandate.
Government was faced by numerous challenges in the form of poverty, joblessness, a
shrinking economy and lack of job-related skills. The expectations were also high that after
long years of struggle and suffering, an ANC-led Government would deliver a better life
soon. Wittingly or unwittingly, in the face of these challenges and mounting expectations,
Government rushed to deliver a better life through school feeding schemes, free health care
to children under the age of six and to pregnant women and allocated about R250m to the
Department of Public Works to deliver a job creation and poverty relief programme. It was
this rush that saw the Government losing sight of important conditions for sustainable
delivery of goods and services.
The purpose of the study is to show that the Community Based Public Works Programme
of the Department of Public Works, which was implemented in Groutville in 1996, failed
to bring about visible change. The starting point is to create a contextual framework for the
research problem and the suggested answer (Bless & Higson - Smith, 1995:37), which is
established through various means in the sections that follow. The first part, the literature
review, offers both conceptual and operational definitions (Bless & Higson - Smith,
1995:35-37) of key concepts or variables that form elements of the research problem and
the proposed hypothesis. Methodology and research design outlines the process, procedure
and instruments used to test the hypothesis. The section on data analysis gives an overview
on how data on the general field of interest (Brynard & Hanekom, 1997:48-50),
community development (De Beer & Swanepoel, 1998:17-28), is filtered to focus on the
National Public Works Programme (NPWP) and the Community Based Public Works
Programme (CBPWP) as strategies for community development , using Groutville as a
case study. As part of data analysis, using the model of Brynard & Hanekom (1997:54-55)
viewpoints of authors on community development are integrated in the context of the results and data obtained. Finally, the study outlines and discusses the results and
recommendations.
The reliability and generalizability of the findings is based on consistence between the
findings of this particular study and the CASE/ILO Report, on the one hand, and the
empirical evidence as provided by grassroots structures and as observed by the researcher.
The study finds that while the project succeeded in targeting women and youth,
employment opportunities could not be sustained. In addition there is no evidence of
training and the ability of employees to use skills gained during the life of the project to
earn a decent living. Finally, the study also finds that one of the major failures of the
CBPWP, in addition to a lack of sustainability, was that it was not co-ordinated and
integrated with other local development initiatives such as the Masakhane Campaign, the
Clean and Green Campaign and the Local Economic Development Plan.
The study concludes by suggesting recommendations, which include: -
• The need to redefine sustainability in a way that does not emphasize the quality
and life span of infrastructure but prioritizes the beneficiaries’ ability to use the
infrastructure and skills gained to engage in productive economic activities;
• Recognize local leadership and built capacity before a project is introduced;
• Focus, as part of capacity building, on institutional development and
organizational development for local communities;
• Communicate and seek consensus on the goals and intended objectives of the
programme;
• Link national programmes with local economic development plans and
initiatives and education and training for life-long employment. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die basiese beginsels van die Heropbou en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP) sluit ‘n
geïntegreerde volhoubare program en ‘n gemeenskapsgeïnspireerde proses in. Die
Nasionale Openbare Werke Program (NOWP) is as ‘n sleutel implementeringstrategie
geïdentifiseer in klousule 2.3 van die HOP met die primêre doel om werkverskaffing en die
voorsiening van infrastruktuur aan die gemeenskap te lewer. Die primêre doel is om ‘n
impak te lewer op die sosio-ekonomiese toestand van die hulpbehoewende persoon. (ANC,
1994:1-18). Die NOWP is in 1995 as ‘n Gemeenskapsgebaseerde Openbare Werke
Program in werking gestel om hierdie breë mandaat uit te voer.
Die Staat was gekonfronteer met verskeie uitdagings wat onder andere armoede,
werkloosheid, ‘n krimpende ekonomie en die gebrek aan toepaslike werksgeoriënteerde
vaardighede ingesluit het. Hoë verwagtinge is van die ANC regering gekoester om na die
lang jare van stryd en lyding ‘n beter lewe vir almal te verseker. Wetende of onwetende,
in die aangesig van al hierdie uitdagings en verwagtinge, het die Staat beleid bepaal wat
daarop gemik was om dienstelewering te versnel ten einde ‘n beter lewe te waarborg.
Hierdie beleid het voedingskemas by skole en gratis gesondheidsorg aan kinders onder die
ouderdom van ses jaar en verwagtende vroue verskaf. Daar is ook ‘n bedrag van R250
miljoen bewillig aan die Departement van Openbare Werke om ‘n armoedeverligting en
werkverskaffingsprogram daar te stel. Dit was as gevolg van hierdie druk waaronder die
Staat verkeer het, dat die belangrike vereistes vir volhoubare lewering van goedere en
dienste uit die oog verloor is.
Die doel van hierdie studie is om te bewys dat die Gemeenskapsgebaseerde Openbare
Werke Program, soos onder andere geïmplementeer in Groutville in 1996, nie daarin
geslaag het om enige merkbare veranderinge teweeg te bring nie. Die aanvangspunt vir
hierdie studie is om ‘n kontekstuele raamwerk vir die navorsingsprobleem daar te stel, met
toepaslike moontlike oplossings, (Bless & Higson - Smith, 1995:37), wat geskep is deur
verskeie middele te ondersoek in die gedeeltes wat volg. Die eerste gedeelte, naamlik die
literatuurstudie, verskaf konseptuele en algemene gebruiksdefinisies (Bless & Higson -
Smith, 1995:35-37) van sleutelkonsepte of veranderlikes wat die kritiese elemente van die
navorsingsprobleem en die voorgestelde hipotese vorm. Die metodiek en
navorsingsontwerp-raamwerk omskryf die proses, prosedure en instrumente wat gebruik is
om die hipotese te toets. Die gedeelte oor data-analise gee ‘n oorsig oor hoe die data wat betrekking het op die algemene veld van belangstelling (Brynard & Hanekom, 1997:48-
50), naamlik gemeenskapsontwikkeling (De Beer & Swanepoel, 1998:17-28) gefiltreer is
om te fokus op die Nasionale Openbare Werke Program en die Gemeenskapsgebaseerde
Openbare Werke Program wat as strategieë vir gemeenskapsontwikkeling in die Groutville
gevallestudie gebruik is. As deel van die data-analise is die Bryard & Hanekom (1997:54-
55) model gebruik om verskillende standpunte van verskeie skrywers aangaande
gemeenskapsontwikkeling te integreer met die resultate en die inligting wat ingesamel is.
Die laaste afdeling bespreek die bevindinge en maak aanbevelings.
Bevindinge in hierdie studie gemaak kan as algemeen betroubaar beskou word. Die
stelling word gebaseer op die feit dat ‘n konsekwente ooreenstemming telkemale verkry is
tussen die bevindinge van die spesifieke studie soos vervat in die CASE/ILO - verslag, en
die empiriese bewyslewering, soos voorsien deur voetsoolvlak gemeenskapstrukture en
soos waargeneem deur die navorser. Bevindinge van die studie sluit die volgende in; die
Groutville projek het daarin geslaag om vroue en die jeug te betrek, maar dit kon nie
daarin slaag om volhoubare werkverskaffing te verskaf nie. Daar kon ook geen bewys
gevind word dat opleiding plaasgevind het nie, en die werknemers wat vaardighede
aangeleer het gedurende die verloop van die projek, kon nie hul vermoë bewys om hierdie
vaardighede sodanig aan te wend om ‘n ordentlike bestaan te voer nie. Ten slotte het die
studie bevind dat een van die hoof tekortkominge van die GBOWP was, tesame met die
gebrek aan volhoubaarheid van die program, die gebrek aan ko-ordinasie en integrering
met ander plaaslike ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe, soos onder andere die Masakhane projek, die
“Clean and Green” projek en die plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsplan. Die laaste
gedeelte van die studie stel die volgende aanbevelings voor:
• Om volhoubaarheid op plaaslike vlak so te definieër dat die klem nie geplaas
word op die lewensverwagting van infrastruktuur nie, maar dat voorkeur eerder
verleen word aan die vermoë van die gemeenskap om hierdie infrastruktuur te
gebruik, en die vaardighede wat aangeleer is in die proses, om betrokke te raak
in produktiewe volhoubare ekonomiese aktiwiteite;
• Om plaaslike leierskap te erken, en om toepaslike bekwaamhede op te bou,
voordat ‘n projek aangebied en geïmplementeer word;
• As deel van die opbou van bekwaamhede, moet klem geplaas word op
institusionele en organisatoriese ontwikkeling van plaaslike gemeenskappe; • Eenstemmigheid moet verkry word rakende die doelwitte van die program;
• Skakel nasionale programme in by plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsplanne
en inisiatiewe, en verseker opvoeding en opleiding vir lewenslange
indiensneming.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/16399 |
| Date | 04 1900 |
| Creators | Mthembu, N. (Hymnal Nkosinathi) |
| Contributors | Theron, Francois, University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. School of Public Management and Planning. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | xiv, 85, [4] leaves : ill. |
| Rights | University of Stellenbosch |
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