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Previous issue date: 2013 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar representa??es sociais, conhecimentos e pr?ticas relacionadas ao Programa Nacional de Suplementa??o de Vitamina A (PNSVitA), em um munic?pio do Vale do Jequitinhonha. Esse Programa est? institu?do no ?mbito do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de, com vistas ? preven??o/controle da Defici?ncia de Vitamina A (DVA), um dos principais problemas de sa?de p?blica relacionados ? alimenta??o e nutri??o da atualidade. Como aporte metodol?gico, adotou-se a abordagem qualitativa e a Teoria das Representa??es Sociais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e focalizadas com vinte m?es de crian?as benefici?rias do PNSVitA, sendo esse n?mero definido por inclus?o progressiva, interrompida pelo m?todo de satura??o. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e submetidas ? an?lise de conte?do na modalidade tem?tica. Com rela??o ?s pr?ticas referentes ao PNSVitA, este estudo revela que a suplementa??o de vitamina A tem sido uma estrat?gia vinculada ao Programa Nacional de Imuniza??o, quest?o que pode ter repercuss?es positivas e negativas. Demonstra que a pr?tica de suplementa??o tem sido desacompanhada de um adequado processo de comunica??o, informa??o e educa??o voltado ? popula??o benefici?ria, o que pode influenciar no conhecimento e nas concep??es que as m?es possuem a respeito da vitamina A, da DVA e do PNSVitA. Indica que a suplementa??o com megadoses da vitamina tem sido a estrat?gia central de preven??o/controle da DVA e sugere a inexist?ncia de atividades voltadas ? promo??o de uma alimenta??o adequada e saud?vel. No tocante aos conhecimentos das m?es acerca da tem?tica em estudo, evidencia-se que, em geral, eles s?o ausentes ou n?o correspondentes ao descrito na literatura cient?fica e t?cnica, quest?o que pode influenciar no reconhecimento da DVA como problema de sa?de p?blica local e na ado??o de corresponsabilidade pelas medidas preventivas. A partir da an?lise dos conhecimentos, com base na Teoria das Representa??es Sociais, este estudo revela que algumas m?es veem a vitamina A como a ?vitamina do posto?, o que indica a concep??o prim?ria desse nutriente como medicamento e n?o como elemento constituinte dos alimentos. Revela a concep??o de que a vitamina A ? uma vacina ou simplesmente uma vitamina (de forma gen?rica) e, por fim, demonstra que essa vitamina ? valorizada pelas m?es, mesmo que, em alguns momentos, elas n?o compreendam sua import?ncia. Conclui-se que, para efetiva preven??o/controle da DVA, faz-se necess?ria a prioriza??o das estrat?gias baseadas em alimentos em detrimento da suplementa??o medicamentosa de vitamina A, tendo em vista o direito humano ? alimenta??o adequada. Al?m disso, faz-se necess?rio o desenvolvimento/fortalecimento de atividades educativas voltadas ? popula??o acerca dessa car?ncia nutricional e das a??es destinadas a sua preven??o/controle. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to analyze social representations, knowledge and practices related to the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program (PNSVitA in its Portuguese acronym) in a municipality of the Jequitinhonha Valley. This Program has been established within the framework of the Brazilian Unified Health System in order to prevent / control Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD), which is currently one of the major public health problems associated with food and nutrition. As far as methodology is concerned, a qualitative approach and the Social Representations Theory were adopted. Semi-structured and focused interviews were conducted with twenty mothers of children who benefit from the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program, this number being defined by progressive inclusion, interrupted by the saturation method. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and subjected to thematic content analysis. With regard to the practices relating to the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program, this study reveals that vitamin A supplementation has been a strategy linked to the National Immunization Program. This is an issue that may have both positive and negative repercussions. It shows that the supplementation practice has not been accompanied by a proper communication, information and education process targeted at the beneficiary population. This may influence the knowledge and conceptions that mothers possess about vitamin A, VAD, and the PNSVitA. It indicates that supplementation with mega-doses of the vitamin has been the central strategy to prevent / control VAD, and suggests the absence of activities aimed at the promotion of appropriate and healthy eating habits. Concerning the knowledge that mothers possess about the subject area of the study, it is evidenced that, in general, such knowledge is absent or is not consistent with what is described in the scientific and technical literature. This is an issue that may affect the recognition of VAD as a local public health problem and that may influence the adoption of co-responsibility for preventive measures. Based on the analysis of their knowledge, in the light of the Social Representations Theory, this study reveals that some mothers view vitamin A as the ?vitamin from the community health post?, which indicates that this nutrient is primarily perceived as medication, and not as a constituent element of food. It reveals the conception that vitamin A is a vaccin or simply a vitamin (in a generic way), and finally it demonstrates that this vitamin is valued by these mothers, even though at times they do not understand its importance. It is concluded that, for effective prevention / control of vitamin A deficiency, it is necessary to prioritize food-based strategies rather than vitamin A drug supplementation, taking into account the human right to adequate food. In addition, it is necessary to develop / strengthen population-focused educational activities concerning this nutritional deficiency and the actions to prevent / control it.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui:1/374 |
| Date | 02 August 2013 |
| Creators | Marques, Elis?ngela Christina Siqueira |
| Contributors | Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro, Carvalho, Marivaldo Aparecido de, Teixeira, Romero Alves, Paes, Silvia Regina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Teixeira, Romero Alves |
| Publisher | UFVJM |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, instname:Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, instacron:UFVJM |
| Rights | A concess?o da licen?a deste item refere-se ao ? termo de autoriza??o impresso assinado pelo autor, assim como na licen?a Creative Commons, com as seguintes condi??es: Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor da publica??o, autorizo a Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri e o IBICT a disponibilizar por meio de seus reposit?rios, sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei n? 9610/98, o texto integral da obra disponibilizada, conforme permiss?es assinaladas, para fins de leitura, impress?o e/ou download, a t?tulo de divulga??o da produ??o cient?fica brasileira, e preserva??o, a partir desta data., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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