Hui Lai Ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-204). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / acknowledgements --- p.I / contents --- p.II / list of abbreviation --- p.IX / list of tables --- p.X / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.XII / abstract --- p.XIII / Chapter chapter 1 --- introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives & Hypotheses --- p.2 / Chapter chapter 2 --- literature review --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definition of obesity --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Densitometric measurement --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Anthropometric measurement --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Body circumferences --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Skinfold thickness --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Weight and height ratios --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Body Mass Index to define obesity --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- In adults --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- In children & Adolescents --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Epidemic of obesity --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Worldwide prevalence & trends of obesity --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Obesity rates in Hong Kong --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- Consequences of obesity --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Health consequences --- p.77 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Adulthood obesity --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Childhood & adolescent obesity --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Controversy of health risk studies --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Quality of life --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Economic consequences of obesity --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Persistence of childhood obesity into adulthood --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Risk factors for childhood obesity --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Genetic factors --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.1.1 --- Parental weight status --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.1.2 --- Birth weight --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Demographic factors --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Socio-economic Status --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- Family environment --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Dietary factors --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5.3.1 --- Infancy diet --- p.33 / Chapter 2.5.3.2 --- Dietary intake --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5.3.3 --- Eating behaviour --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Physical activity factors --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5.4.1 --- Inactivity --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5.4.2 --- Determinants of physical activity level --- p.44 / Chapter 2.5.4.3 --- Television-watching --- p.46 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Other risk factors --- p.47 / Chapter 2.6 --- Management of childhood obesity --- p.49 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Goals & Difficulties in childhood obesity treatment --- p.49 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Dietary approach --- p.50 / Chapter 2.6.2.1 --- General healthy eating --- p.50 / Chapter 2.6.2.2 --- Decrease fat intake --- p.51 / Chapter 2.6.2.3 --- Increase fibre intake --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6.2.4 --- Reducing meal Glycaemic Index --- p.53 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Increase activity level --- p.56 / Chapter 2.6.3.1 --- Reinforce active behaviour --- p.56 / Chapter 2.6.3.2 --- Decrease sedentary lifestyle --- p.57 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Roles of parents and schools in obesity managements --- p.58 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2 --- Study population --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Reason for selecting 6-7 years old children --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Classification of case and control groups --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Reasons for using BMI --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Development of BMI cut-offs --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3 --- Estimation of sample size --- p.64 / Chapter 3.4 --- Subject recruitment --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Sample Source --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Inclusion criteria --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Recruitment --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Pilot Testing --- p.70 / Chapter 3.5 --- Data collection --- p.70 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Overview --- p.70 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Lifestyle data --- p.77 / Chapter 3.5.2.1 --- Scope of data --- p.71 / Chapter 3.5.2.2 --- References for questionnaire design --- p.71 / Chapter 3.5.2.3 --- Questionnaire content --- p.72 / Chapter 3.5.2.4 --- Data validity --- p.73 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Dietary data --- p.76 / Chapter 3.5.3.1 --- The assessment method --- p.76 / Chapter 3.5.3.2 --- Data validity --- p.76 / Chapter 3.6 --- Data entry & analyses --- p.77 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Data entry --- p.77 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Dietary data analyses --- p.78 / Chapter 3.6.2.1 --- Nutrient intake --- p.78 / Chapter 3.6.2.2 --- Meal Glycaemic response --- p.78 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Risk factor analyses --- p.79 / Chapter 3.6.3.1 --- Univariate analyses --- p.79 / Chapter 3.6.3.2 --- Multivariate analyses --- p.79 / Chapter 3.6.3.3 --- Further analyses --- p.80 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Childhood lifestyle descriptive analyses --- p.80 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2 --- Descriptive analyses --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sample Size & sample source --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Sample Characteristics --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Demographic background --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3 --- Risk factors identification --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Overview --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Univariate analyses --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Multivariate analyses --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Variable selection --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Test for Multicollinearity --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Logistic regression results --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Further analyses --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.4.1 --- Purposes --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.4.2 --- Parental BMI --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.4.3 --- Child's birth weight --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.4.4 --- Eating Behaviour --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3.4.5 --- Dietary intake --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3.4.6 --- Physical activity --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.4.7 --- Parental smoking --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.4.8 --- Socio-economic status --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4 --- Children lifestyle descriptive analyses --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Inactivity in young children --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Exercise time and frequency --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Exercise preference & encouragement --- p.115 / Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- Determinants of exercise time --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Weight beliefs & Nutrition knowledge --- p.118 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Weight and health beliefs --- p.118 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- Nutrition knowledge --- p.121 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Dietary habits & Nutrient intake --- p.123 / Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Dietary practice --- p.123 / Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- Nutrient intake --- p.129 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- DISCUSSION --- p.137 / Chapter 5.1 --- Risk factors for childhood overweight development --- p.137 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Overview --- p.137 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Genetic factors --- p.138 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Parental BMI --- p.138 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Birth weight --- p.142 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Dietary factors --- p.144 / Chapter 5.1.3.1 --- Eating behaviours --- p.144 / Chapter 5.1.3.2 --- Infancy diet --- p.150 / Chapter 5.1.3.3 --- Current dietary intake --- p.151 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Physical activity --- p.154 / Chapter 5.1.4.1 --- Exercise --- p.154 / Chapter 5.1.4.2 --- Sedentary activities --- p.155 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Family environment --- p.157 / Chapter 5.1.5.1 --- Social class & Custody --- p.157 / Chapter 5.1.5.2 --- Parental smoking --- p.159 / Chapter 5.2 --- Lifestyle in Hong Kong young children --- p.161 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Childhood inactivity --- p.161 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Weight perception & Nutrition knowledge --- p.163 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Dietary habits & Nutrient intake --- p.165 / Chapter 5.3 --- Limitations --- p.169 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Study sample --- p.169 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Study method --- p.171 / Chapter 5.4 --- Implication of the study results --- p.173 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Overview --- p.173 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Strategies on obesity treatments and prevention --- p.173 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Conclusion --- p.775 / Chapter 5.5 --- Suggestions for further study --- p.176 / CONCLUSION --- p.178 / REFERENCES --- p.180 / APPENDICES --- p.205 / Chapter A. --- Communications for sample recruitment / Appendix A1 Invitation to Parents --- p.A-l / Appendix A2 Contact Details Form --- p.A-3 / Appendix A3 Letter of thanks to SHSC Nurses --- p.A-4 / Appendix A4 Second letter to parents --- p.A-12 / Appendix A5 Written consent from parents --- p.A-14 / Chapter B --- Study Tools / Appendix B1 The Questionnaire --- p.B-l / Appendix B2 3-day dietary record --- p.B-49 / Chapter C --- Childhood overweight risk factors - univariate analyses / Appendix C1 Genetic factors --- p.C-1 / Appendix C2 Demographic factors --- p.C-2 / Appendix C3 Custody & Home environments --- p.C-3 / Appendix C4 Infant feeding factors --- p.C-4 / Appendix C5 Dietary manipulation & Eating desire --- p.C-5 / Appendix C6 Eating habits & Food preference --- p.C-6 / Appendix C7 Physical activity factors --- p.C-7 / Appendix C8 Factors influencing physical activity --- p.C-8 / Appendix C9 Nutrition knowledge & weight perception --- p.C-9 / Appendix C10 Nutrients factors --- p.C-10 / Appendix C11 School life & unclassified factors --- p.C-11 / Chapter D --- Miscellaneous / Appendix D1 Research questions and related questions in the questionnaire --- p.D-l / Appendix D2 Food GI estimation list --- p.D-3
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_323649 |
| Date | January 2001 |
| Contributors | Hui, Lai Ling., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Medical Sciences. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xv, 205, [92] leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Coverage | Hong Kong |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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