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Previous issue date: 2014-05-10 / Passivos ambientais oriundos de acidentes na ind?stria varejista do
petr?leo, principalmente nas zonas urbanas, t?m representado um s?rio problema cujo
impacto atinge o subsolo, a sa?de das pessoas e ainda preju?zos econ?micos com o
processo de remedia??o. S? nos EUA, s?o estimados centenas de bilh?es de d?lares
aplicados em processos de descontamina??o de solos. Os resultados dos laudos e
relat?rios de investiga??o de passivo em postos de combust?veis distribu?dos na zona
urbana do munic?pio de Natal-RN foram utilizados para estimativa do cen?rio local de
contamina??o. Dessa base de dados foi poss?vel determinar os principais contaminantes
(BTEX, PAH, TOC), os bairros atingidos e os tipos de solos potencialmente mais
impactados. Foram realizados experimentos objetivando reverter contamina??o desse
cen?rio, onde o tipo de solo foi um fator no planejamento, pois influencia diretamente
na efic?cia das t?cnicas de remedia??o estudadas: Oxida??o por inje??o de per?xido de
hidrog?nio e oxida??o por inje??o de persulfato de s?dio. Esses oxidantes s?o ativados
formando os radicais livres (HO?-, SO4
?-, HO2
?
, O2
?-, S2O8
-2, etc) respons?veis por
mineralizar os hidrocarbonetos e outros org?nicos (liberando O2 e CO2). No processo
de ativa??o, foram estudados os ?ons ferroso (II) e f?rrico (III) bem como o per?xido
de hidrog?nio na ativa??o da t?cnica com persulfato de s?dio, sendo esta ?ltima, a que
apresentou melhor efici?ncia entre todas no estudo, quando ativado com Fe+3. Al?m de
definir qual a t?cnica mais eficiente, foi objetivo desse estudo a avalia??o da influ?ncia
entre os diferentes solos entre as t?cnicas oxidativas, caracterizando o efeito da
concentra??o desses oxidantes e ainda o da concentra??o dos catalisadores. Existe na
maioria dos cen?rios avaliados a presen?a de ferro total intr?nseca a matriz do solo. Os
chamados latossolos apresentam colora??o avermelhada indicando ? presen?a dessas
esp?cies reativas como ferro e aspecto argiloso. O estudo cin?tico foi conduzido por
planejamento experimental e monitoramento do percentual de carbono total (SSM-
5000A) nas fases s?lidas e l?quidas, sabendo que 82,4% da mol?cula de diesel ?
carbono. Foram analisados ainda o carbono org?nico e o pH de amostras l?quidas para
as t?cnicas, caracterizando a influ?ncia do tipo de solo e sua condi??o operacional. A
t?cnica (Fenton-like) H2O2 e Fe+2 apresentou oxida??o satisfat?ria, inclusive para solo
arenoso, mas bem inferior ao melhor resultado. O persulfato de s?dio apenas ativado
com temperatura, mesmo no solo mais favor?vel n?o apresentou boa efici?ncia. A
t?cnica viabilizada no estudo teve o perfil de concentra??o com 2,2x10-1mol.L-1 de
Na2S2O8 ativado com o 6,53x10-1mol.L-1 de H2O2 e 2,5x10-2 Fe3+mol.L-1, que reduziu
em menos de um dia 96% a contamina??o em solo vermelho, inicialmente com
66.667mg de diesel por kg de solo limpo. / Environmental liabilities from accidents in the retail petroleum industry,
especially in urban areas, have represented a serious problem whose impact reaches the
underground, people's health and even economic losses with the remediation process.
In U.S.A. are estimated hundreds of billions of dollars invested in soil remediation
processes. The results of the reports and investigative reports of liabilities in fuel
stations distributed in the urban area of Natal-RN were used to estimate the local
scenario of contamination. This database has been possible to determine the main
contaminants (BTEX, PAHs, TOC), affected neighborhoods and types of potentially
more impacted soils. Experiments were carried out in order to reverse contamination of
this scenario, where the soil type was a factor in the planning, because it influences
directly on the effectiveness of remediation techniques studied: Oxidation by hydrogen
peroxide and oxidation by sodium persulphate. These oxidants are activated forming
free radicals (HO?-, SO4
?-, HO2
?
, O2
?-, S2O8
-2, etc) responsible for to mineralize the
hydrocarbons and other organic compounds (releasing O2 e CO2). In the activation
process, the ferrous ions (II) and ferric (III) were studied as well as hydrogen peroxide
activation technique with sodium persulfate, the latter being presented the best
efficiency among all the study, when activated with Fe+3. In addition to defining the
most efficient technique, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different
soils among oxidative techniques, characterizing the effect of the concentration of these
oxidants and also the concentration of the catalysts. Exists in most scenarios evaluated
the presence of intrinsic total iron soil matrix. The so-called latosols present
microaggregates reddish indicating the presence of these reactive species like iron and
clayey aspect. The kinetic study was conducted by experimental design and monitoring
of the percentage of total carbon (SSM-5000A) in the solid and liquid phases, knowing
that 82.4% of the diesel molecule is carbon. Yet organic carbon and pH of liquid
samples were analyzed for technical, characterizing the influence of soil type and its
operating condition. The Fenton-like technique H2O2 e Fe+2 presented satisfactory
oxidation, including sandy soil, but well below the best result. The sodium persulphate
only activated with temperature, even in the most favorable soil, did not provide good
efficiency. The best technique in the study had the concentration profile with 2,2x10-
1mol.L-1 of Na2S2O8 activated with 6,53x10-1mol.L-1 of H2O2 and 2,5x10-2 Fe3+mol.L-1
which reduced in less than a day 96 contamination in red soil, initially with 66,667 mg
of diesel per kg of clean soil
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/19536 |
| Date | 10 May 2014 |
| Creators | Fernandes, Hermano Gomes |
| Contributors | 08580772800, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2621516646153655, Silva, Douglas do Nascimento, 00202697495, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0841120842454720, Jer?nimo, Carlos Enrique de Medeiros, 03262908428, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9996525070555805, Chiavone Filho, Osvaldo |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA QU?MICA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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