Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Neck pain is a common phenomenon that occurs in a large percentage of the
population every day. While many occurrences are not deemed critical such
as those from muscle strain which can be treated with rest and pain medication,
others due to sports injuries, whiplash from car accidents, bad posture or
degeneration of the intervertebral disc can be quite severe. In extreme cases
failure of the vertebra(e) or the intervertebral disc requires surgery and possibly
the use of cervical implants.
Where intervertebral discs fail due to herniation or Degenerative Disc Disease
(DDD), Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is a common surgical
method used to remove the a ected disc and replace it with a cervical
cage implant. These implants are designed to restore the height between the
vertebrae, allowing bone from both vertebrae to grow through them and mineralise.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies can produce parts with
complex geometries not possible using conventional manufacturing methods.
This design freedom, coupled with CT scans of a patient, allow for tailoring an
implant to the speci c anatomy of the a ected vertebrae using CAD software.
Such an approach must be regulated and shown to be technically and commercially
feasible before it can be implemented in industry. This study sought to
develop a framework for manufacturing customized cervical cage implants using
additive manufacturing. The e cacy of customization to reduce the risk of
subsidence was investigated by means of non-destructive and destructive mechanical
testing on six cadaver specimens, using readily available PEEK cage
implants as a benchmark. The results showed that the customized implant was
comparable to the PEEK, with no statistically signi cant di erence between
the two. In extreme cases, where PEEK implants cannot be used, customized
implants could be a suitable alternative to reduce the risk of subsidence.
A manufacturing cost analysis was conducted to determine economic feasibility.
The estimated cost and selling price of the customized implants under
various utilization scenarios and mark-ups was compared to readily available
PEEK implants. The estimated selling prices of the customized implants compared
favourably to the PEEK verifying the economic viability of using AM. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nek pyn is 'n algemene verskynsel wat daagliks na tevore kom in die bevolking.
Baie gevalle word nie as krities geklasi seer nie soos byvoorbeeld spier
pyn wat behandel kan word deur genoegsame rus en pyn medikasie. Pyn wat
deur sportbeserings, sweepslag beserings 'whiplash' tydens motor ongelukke,
verkeerde postuur, of deur slytasie van 'n intervertebrale skyf veroorsaak is,
word dikwels as ernstig geklasi seer. In ekstreme gevalle waar die werwel(s) of
die inervertebrale skyf(we) faal, sal chirurgie en servikale inplantate moontlik
nodig wees.
Waneer intervertebrale skywe faal weens herniatie of Degeneratiewe Skyf Siekte
(DDD) kan 'n algemene chirurgiese metode, Anterieure Servikale Discectomie
en Fusie (ACDF), gebruik word om die gea ekteerde skyf te verwyder en dit
te vervang met 'n servikale samesmelting implantaat. Hierdie implantate herstel
die hoogte tussen rugwerwels en is ontwerp sodat die been deur dit kan
groei en mineraliseer. Komplekse geometrieë kan vervaardig word deur toevoegingsvervaardiging
(AM) tegnologieë. Die ontwerp vryheid, gepaard met
CT-skanderings en CAD-sagteware stel mens in staat om die geometrie van
die implantaat aan te pas tot die spese eke anatomie van die gea ekteerde
vertebra.
So 'n benadering moet gereguleer word en eers tegnies en kommersieel uitvoerbaar
bewys word voordat dit in die bedryf geïmplementeer kan word. Hierdie
studie poog verder om 'n raamwerk vir die vervaardiging van persoonlike
servikale implantate deur middel van toevoegingsvervaardiging te ontwikkel.
Die doeltre endheid van persoonlike implantate om te verhoed dat die chirurg
die eind-plaat beskadig, en sodoende die risiko van insakking te verminder, is
ondersoek deur middel van meganiese toetse op ses kadawer monsters. Hierdie
toetse is gedoen met behulp van geredelik beskikbaar PEEK servikale implantate
as 'n maatstaf.
Die resultate het getoon dat die persoonlike- en PEEK implantate vergelykbaar
is. In moontlike gevalle waar PEEK implantate nie geskik sou wees nie,
kan persoonlike implantate 'n alternatiewe opsie wees om die risiko van insakking
te verminder.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/86243 |
| Date | 04 1900 |
| Creators | Marcantonio, Graziano |
| Contributors | Dimitrov, D. M., Van Der Merwe, A. F., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Industrial Engineering. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | xv, 115 p. : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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