Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2008 - Marcus Nascimento Santos.pdf: 462545 bytes, checksum: 46bb8f8940f38566f10544863c83cbb2 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-07-25 / This work was made in the Research Institute Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) where two
experiments were carried out in two steps. The first step had the following objectives: to study
the attack behavior of subterranean termites over stakes of pinus trap in three areas of
different compositions floristic seed source in the JBRJ, appointed by cerrado-JB, lawn - JB
and forest-JB over one year. To study the environmental influences on the pinus baits attack
by subterranean termites monthly over year of observation. The subterranean termites
belonged to the species, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (areas cerrado-JB and lawn-JB) and
Heterotermes longiceps (Snyder) (area forest-JB), (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The second
step aimed to study botanical extracts with bioinseticida action for the control of subterranean
termite, C. gestroi. In each area 6 blocks with three plot were buried stakes and collected and
replaced monthly over 12 months. The stakes of Pinus sp were previously immersed in
distilled water for three periods (0, 24 or 48 hours). The environmental variables were
evaluated: luminosity (morning and afternoon), soil temperature (morning and afternoon), air
temperature (maximum and minimum), rainfall, soil moisture, humidity, pH and carbon (C)
organic soil. The results showed that the attack on baits of Pinus sp occurred all the year
without a preference for different periods of immersion in distilled water. The peak of the
attack on stakes occurred in months march and september. The environmental variables:
humidity, soil moisture and rainfall had significant correlation with the attack on the stakes of
Pinus sp by subterranean termites. C. gestroi attack had negative correlation with
environmental variables. H. longiceps attack had negative correlation with humidity and
positive correlation with soil moisture. The acid pH soil areas studied appeared to be helpful
to the activities of the foraging termites. The amount of organic C available in the soil seems
don t have influence on foraging activities of the two species of termites. The attack on baits
of Pinus sp by the species C. gestroi was more severe that the attack by H. longiceps. In the
second step the termites were exposed to seven treatments with five replications each for 20
days. The aqueous extract of the leaves of Melia azedarach, Tectona grandis, Carapa
guianensis, Aspidosperma polyneuron, Myracrodruon urundeuva and Leucaena
leucocephala, the concentration of 10%, were impregnated with pieces of corrugated
cardboard. With the exception of L. leucocephala, which was lower consumption of
cardboard, the other plant extracts and control (paper and distilled water) were also consumed.
The insecticidal activity of the extracts of M. azedarach, M. urundeuva and T. grandis was
responsible for 100, 100 and 95.38% mortality of termites, respectively. The extracts of L.
leucocephala, A. polyneuron and C. guianensis showed no activity insecticide for the control
of C. gestroi. / Este trabalho foi realizado no Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Bot?nico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) onde
foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos descritos em duas etapas. A primeira etapa teve como
objetivos: avaliar mensalmente ao longo de 12 meses estacas de Pinus sp como isca-armadilha para
cupins subterr?neos em tr?s ?reas de composi??es flor?sticas distintas no arboreto do JBRJ,
nomeadas de cerrado-JB, gramado-JB e mata-JB, e verificar a influ?ncia dos fatores ou vari?veis
ambientais sobre o ataque as iscas de Pinus sp pelos cupins subterr?neos das esp?cies, Coptotermes
gestroi (Wasmann) (?reas cerrado-JB e gramado-JB) e Heterotermes longiceps (Snyder) (?rea mata-
JB), (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). A segunda etapa teve como objetivo avaliar extratos bot?nicos com
a??o bioinseticida para o controle do cupim subterr?neo, C. gestroi. As estacas foram enterradas em
cada ?rea em 6 blocos com tr?s parcelas cada e mensalmente coletadas e substitu?das ao longo de 12
meses. As estacas de Pinus sp foram previamente imersas em ?gua destilada por tr?s per?odos (0, 24
ou 48 horas). Foram avaliadas as seguintes vari?veis ambientais: luminosidade (manh? e tarde),
temperatura do solo (manh? e tarde), temperatura relativa do ar (m?xima e m?nima), precipita??o
pluviom?trica, umidade do solo, umidade relativa do ar, pH e Carbono (C) org?nico do solo. O
ataque ?s iscas de Pinus sp pelos cupins subterr?neos ocorreram durante todo o ano e sem uma
prefer?ncia do pinus sob diferentes per?odos de imers?o em ?gua destilada. O pico do ataque ?s
estacas ocorreu nos meses de mar?o e setembro. Umidade relativa do ar, umidade do solo e
precipita??o pluviom?trica tiveram correla??o significativa com o ataque ?s estacas de Pinus sp
pelos cupins subterr?neos. Entretanto, para C. gestroi essas vari?veis ambientais tiveram correla??o
negativa com o ataque as estacas. Para H. longiceps a umidade relativa do ar teve correla??o
negativa e a umidade do solo positiva. O pH ?cido dos solos das ?reas estudadas pareceu ser
prop?cio ?s atividades de forrageamento dos cupins. A quantidade de C org?nico dispon?vel no solo
pareceu n?o ter influenciado a atividade de forrageamento das duas esp?cies de cupins. O ataque ?s
iscas de Pinus sp pela esp?cie C. gestroi foi mais severo que o ataque por H. longiceps. Na segunda
etapa do trabalho os cupins foram expostos a sete tratamentos com cinco repeti??es cada durante 20
dias. Os extratos aquosos das folhas de Melia azedarach, Tectona grandis, Carapa guianensis,
Aspidosperma polyneuron, Myracrodruon urundeuva e Leucaena leucocephala, na concentra??o de
10%, foram impregnados em peda?os de papel?o corrugado. Com exce??o de L. leucocephala, cujo
consumo do papel?o foi menor, os demais extratos vegetais e a testemunha (papel?o e ?gua
destilada) foram consumidos igualmente. A atividade inseticida dos extratos de M. azedarach, M.
urundeuva e T. grandis foi respons?vel por 100, 100 e 95,38% de mortalidade de cupins,
respectivamente. Os extratos de L. leucocephala, A. polyneuron e C. guianensis n?o apresentaram
atividade inseticida para o controle de C. gestroi.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:tede/498 |
| Date | 25 July 2008 |
| Creators | Santos, Marcus Nascimento |
| Contributors | Menezes, Eur?pedes Barsanulfo |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Curso de P?s-Gradua??o em Fitossanidade e Biotecnologia Aplicada, UFRRJ, Brasil, Entomologia Aplicada |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Page generated in 0.003 seconds