MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that regulate eukaryotic gene activity at the post-transcriptional level by a process termed miRNA gene suppression. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is predominantly expressed in human liver cells and recent studies indicated that miR-122 promotes Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) replication and translation through physical interaction with two tandem binding sites located in the 5 untranslated region (5UTR) of the HCV genome (Jopling, et al., 2006; Jopling, et al., 2008). It has been reported that host genes that are also implicated in the miRNA gene suppression pathway are key regulators of HCV replication (Randall, et al., 2007). Two proteins, Dicer, a key RNaseIII enzyme, and its binding partner TRBP are essential proteins for miRNA activity. They are part of a protein complex called the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC) which also includes Argonaute proteins, and function in miRNA biogenesis loading the miRNA into RISC. As such, they are intriguing targets to study host-viral interplay during HCV replication.<p>
In our study, we designed siRNAs to knock down Dicer and TRBP and then observed the effects of gene knockdown on full length J6/JFH-1-RLuc HCV (genotype 2a chimeric genome) replication and translation. The results showed that knocking down Dicer and TRBP reduced wild type (wt) J6/JFH-1-RLuc replication but had almost no effects on HCV translation in human liver cells. However, since knocking down Dicer and TRBP did not significantly alter miR-122 levels in the cell, it appears that the role of Dicer and TRBP was not solely the biogenesis of miR-122. This was confirmed by an experiment in which we observed that knocking down Dicer and TRBP also attenuated replication of a mutant virus in which replication is dependent on a exogenously supplied miRNA instead of endogenous miR-122.<p>
Taken together, the results supported the hypotheses that Dicer and TRBP facilitate HCV infection mainly through HCV replication but not translation. The effects of Dicer and TRBP on HCV replication are not solely due to miR-122 biogenesis, and may be due to RISC loading functions in steps of miRNA gene suppression.<p>
This study has set some essential groundwork for investigating potential roles of host factors in the RNAi machinery modulating HCV replication/translation and exploring novel antiviral targets.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:SSU.etd-09202010-123908 |
| Date | 24 September 2010 |
| Creators | Zhang, Chao |
| Contributors | Harkness, T., S.V, Hurk, Howard, P., Xiao, W., Wilson, J. |
| Publisher | University of Saskatchewan |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://library.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-09202010-123908/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to University of Saskatchewan or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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