Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Immigration, especially to countries with a higher prevalence of
overweight and obesity, has been found to exacerbate these conditions in
immigrants. This study investigated the change in dietary intake, physical activity and
body mass index (BMI) of South African immigrants in Hobart, Australia.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the change in BMI, the current and
usual dietary intakes and perceived dietary changes and the current physical activity
levels and perceived changes in physical activity since immigration of South African
immigrants residing in the Greater Hobart Area.
DESIGN: This study had descriptive, cross-sectional as well as analytical
components.
SAMPLING: Forty seven participants were recruited by contacting known
immigrants, postings in newspapers, contacting immigrant social groups, contacting
the Department of Economic Development as well as using the social networking
program, “Facebook”. All participants had to be between the ages of 20 and 50 and
have lived in Australia for longer than six months, but shorter than five years. Thirty
participants completed the study with a mean age of 37.17 years.
METHODS: Participants were required to complete a self-administered sociodemographic
questionnaire, a 3-day diet record, physical activity questionnaire and
quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ). The investigator administered a
weight change questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height
and waist circumference measurements.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the BMIs of participants preand
post-immigration (p=0.06), but the percentage of overweight female participants
increased from 24% (n=4) to 29% (n=5) and the percentage of overweight male
participants increased from 46% (n=6) to 69% (n=9). The percentage of obese
female participants increased from 6% (n=1) to 12% (n=2) post-immigration with the
male participants showing no increased prevalence of obesity. Participants appeared
aware of their weight classifications with 60% (n=18) reporting that they considered themselves overweight. Mean waist circumference values of male and female
participants were classified as action level 1. Forty one percent (n=7) of female
participants and 31% (n=4) of male participants had waist circumference values classified as action level 2. Carbohydrate intakes were below the Nutrient Reference
Values (NRV) recommendations for 84% (n=25) and 62% (n=19) of participants as
indicated by the QFFQ and diet records respectively and the mean carbohydrate
intake values of male and female participants (QFFQ and diet records) were below
the NRV recommendations as well. Fibre intakes were below the NRV
recommendations for 76% (n=23) and 82% (n=25) of participants as indicated by the
QFFQ and food records respectively. Saturated fat and sodium intakes were high.
Folate, calcium and potassium were consumed in lower than recommended amounts
by a large proportion of participants. Sixty seven percent (n=20) of participants
reported an increase in physical activity post-immigration and 70% (n=21) of
participants anticipated a future increase in physical activity levels.
CONCLUSION: The study population experienced an increase in weight. A number
of other risk factors for cardiovascular and other chronic diseases were also
identified including high waist circumference values, high saturated fat and sodium
intakes and low fibre, folate, calcium and potassium intakes. Interventions aimed at
decreasing the risk of South African immigrants in Hobart becoming
overweight/obese and developing chronic diseases should probably be aimed at
lower saturated and total fat intake, higher carbohydrate and fibre intake and plenty
of dietary variation and should further encourage physical activity, but this needs to
be confirmed by larger prospective studies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING: Daar is gevind dat immigrasie, veral na lande met ‘n hoër prevalensie
van oorgewig en vetsugtigheid, hierdie toestande in immigrante kan vererger.
Hierdie studie het die veranderinge in dieetinname, fisiese aktiwiteit en
liggaamsmassa-indeks (LMI) van Suid-Afrikaanse immigrante in Hobart, Australië
ondersoek.
DOELWITTE: Die doelwitte was om die verandering in LMI na immigrasie, die
huidige en gewoontelike dieetinname en gerapporteerde dieet veranderinge na
immigrasie asook die huidige fisiese aktiwiteit en gerapporteerde fisiese aktiwiteit
veranderinge van Suid-Afrikaanse immigrante, wat in die groter Hobart area woon, te
ondersoek.
ONTWERP: Die studie het beskrywende asook analitiese komponente gehad.
STEEKPROEFTREKKING: Respondente is gewerf deur alle bekende immigrante te
kontak, koerant boodskappe te plaas, sosiale groepe vir immigrante te kontak, die
Department van Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling te kontak asook deur die sosiale netwerk
program, “Facebook”, te gebruik. Alle respondente moes tussen die ouderdomme
van 20 en 50 wees en moes langer as ses maande, maar korter as vyf jaar in
Australië woon.
METODES: Respondente het ‘n sosio-demografiese vraelys asook ‘n drie dag
voedselrekord, ‘n voedselfrekwensie vraelys en ‘n fisiese aktiwiteit vraelys voltooi.
Die navorser het ‘n gewigsverandering vraelys afgeneem. Antropometriese metings
het gewig, lengte en middelomtrek ingesluit.
RESULTATE: Daar was nie ‘n betekenisvolle verskil tussen die LMI waardes van
respondente voor en na immigrasie nie (p=0.06), maar die persentasie oorgewig
vroulike respondente het toegeneem van 24% (n=4) na 29% (n=5) en die
persentasie oorgewig manlike respondente het toegeneem van 46% (n=6) na 69%
(n=9). Die persentasie vetsugtige vroulike respondente het toegeneem van 6% (n=1)
na 12% (n=2) na immigrasie en die manlike respondente het geen toename in
vetsugtigheid getoon nie. Dit het voorgekom asof respondente bewus was van hulle
gewigsklassifikasies met 60% (n=18) wat gerapporteer het dat hulle hulself as
oorgewig beskou. Die gemiddelde middelomtrek waardes van die manlike en
vroulike respondente was geklassifiseer as aksie vlak 1. Een en veertig persent (n=7) van die vroulike respondente en 31% (n=4) van die manlike respondente het
middelomtrek waardes getoon wat as aksie vlak 2 geklassifiseer was. Koolhidraat
inname was laer as the nutrient verwysingswaardes vir 84% (n=25) en 62% (n=19)
van die respondente soos aangedui deur die voedselfrekwensie lys en 3-dag
voedselrekord. Vesel inname was laer as the nutrient verwysingswaardes vir 76%
(n=23) en 82% (n=25) van die respondente soos aangedui deur die
voedselfrekwensie lys en 3-dag voedselrekord. Die gemiddelde waardes vir
koolhidraat en vesel inname vir manlike en vroulike respondente (voedselfrekwensie
lys en 3-dag voedselrekord) was laer as die nutrient verwysingswaardes. Versadigde
vet en natrium innames was hoog. Folaat, kalsium en kalium innames van ‘n groot
proporsie respondente was laer as die aanbevelings. Sewe en sestig persent (n=20)
van die respondente het gerapporteer dat hulle fisiese aktiwiteitsvlakke toegeneem
het na immigrasie en 70% (n=21) van die respondente het verwag dat hulle fisiese
aktiwiteitsvlakke sou verhoog.
AANBEVELINGS: Die studie populase het ‘n toename in gewig en LMI ondervind. ‘n
Aantal verdere risikofaktore vir kroniese en kardiovaskulêre siektes was
geïdentifiseer, byvoorbeeld hoë middelomtrek waardes, hoë versadigde vet en
natrium innames en lae vesel, folaat, kalsium en kalium innames. Programme wat
fokus op die voorkoming van oorgewig/vetsug in Suid-Afrikaanse immigrante in
Hobart, Australië moet moontlik gemik wees op laer totale en versadigde vet inname,
hoër vesel en koolhidraat inname asook variasie in diet en fisiese aktiwiteit moet ook
verder aangemoedig word. Sodanige aanbevelings moet egter bevestig word deur
groter prospektiewe studies.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/17815 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Stanton, Marcile |
| Contributors | Herselman, Marietjie, Visser, Janicke, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Interdisciplenary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 128 p. : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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