Thesis (MVoeding)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy is teratogenic.49-51 A woman’s
nutritional requirements increase during pregnancy.4 The dangers of heavy drinking in the
presence of malnutrition may put the fetus at a further disadvantage to normal development
and life.
Objectives: To determine the nutritional status of pregnant women in relation to alcohol
consumption during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcome. To relate the combined effect of
maternal alcohol consumption and nutritional status to pregnancy outcome.
Study design: Prospective, longitudinal and cohort.
Study population: Pregnant women attending Hanover Park MOU for pre-natal care. They
were classified as subjects (heavy drinkers) or controls (light drinkers or abstainers), and 15
pairs were matched according to race, parity and gestational age at the onset of their
participation in the study.
Methodology: A skilled FARR worker determined the alcohol consumption of the
individuals through a validated questionnaire, whilst the investigator gathered the study data
blinded to the participants’ alcohol consumption status. The investigator conducted three
interviews with the pregnant individuals. Anthropometrical, clinical and biochemical
investigations were done and questionnaires completed to determine dietary intake, sociodemographics,
health and eating habits.
An experienced FARR paediatrician examined the newborns, assessing their anthropometric
status, health and the presence of any alcohol-related signs.
Results: The nutritional status of the matched subjects and controls did not differ
significantly in terms of dietary intake, anthropometric or clinical assessment. There were
significant differences between the 2 groups’ serum vitamin A values (p<0.0097). Significant
associations were found between the mother and newborn data; specifically energy intake and
gestational age at birth (p<0.0083), MUAC and birth weight (p<0.04), and weight gain and weight for age (p<0.0056). The participants’ energy intake also had a significant correlation
with their weight gain during pregnancy (r=0.0389, p<0.01). The prevalence of FAS in the
total population was 6.67%; a finding that confirms previously reported data in nearby
Wellington, Western Cape.49
Conclusion: Some mothers’ good nutritional status did not protect their offspring against
alcohol’s teratogenic effects. Nutritional status did have a few statistical significant effects on
pregnancy. However, the investigator is of the opinion that the few significant findings were
not enough to accept or reject the hypothesis; therefore, making the results inconclusive. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Swaar alkoholgebruik tydens swangerskap is teratogenies.49-51 Vroue se
voedingsbehoeftes verhoog met swangerskap.4 Die gevare van swaar alkoholgebruik in die
teenwoordigheid van wanvoeding mag die fetus verhoed om normal te ontwikkel en groei.
Doelwitte: Om die voedingstatus van swanger vroue te bepaal in verhouding met
alkoholgebruik tydens swangerskap, en die swangerskapsuitkoms. Asook om die
gekombineerde effek van die moeder se voedingstatus en alkoholgebruik op haar
swangerskapsuitkoms te bepaal.
Studie-ontwerp: Prospektief, longitudinaal en kohort.
Studiepopulasie: Swanger vroue wat Hanover Park MOU besoek vir voorgeboorte sorg.
Hulle is of as toetslinge (swaar drinkers) of as kontroles (ligte drinkers of geheelonthouers)
geklassifiseer, en 15 pare is gepaar na aanleiding van ras, pariteit en gestasionele ouderdom
by die aanvang van deelname aan die studie.
Metodologie: ‘n Ervare SAVN lid het die individue se alkoholgebruik bepaal deur middel
van ‘n gevalideerde vraelys. Die navorser was geblind vir die individue se alkoholgebruik.
Die navorser het drie onderhoude gevoer met elke individu. Antropometriese, kliniese en
biochemiese ondersoeke is gedoen. Vraelyste is voltooi om dieetinname, gesondheid, sosiodemografiese
en eetgewoonte- inligting te versamel.
‘n Ervare SAVN pediater het alle pasgeborenes ondersoek om hulle antropometriese status,
gesondheid en die teenwoordigheid van enige alkohol-verwante tekens te bepaal.
Resultate: Die voedingstatus van die gepaarde toets-en kontrolegroepe het nie beduidend
verskil in terme van dieetinname, antropometriese of kliniese evaluering nie. Daar was ‘n
beduidende verskil tussen die 2 groepe se serum vitamien A vlakke (p<0.0097). Beduidende
assosiasies is gevind tussen die moeder en pasgebore se data; naamlike tussen energie-inname
en gestasionele ouderdom by geboorte (p<0.0083), bo-armomtrek en geboortegewig
(p<0.0056), en gewigstoename tydens swangerskap en die baba se gewig vir ouderdom (p<0.0056). Die deelnemers se energie-inname het ook ‘n beduidende positiewe korrelasie
met hul gewigstoename tydens swangerskap gehad (r=0.0389, p<0.01). Die prevalensie van
FAS in die totale populasie was 6.67%; wat ook gevind is onlangs in die nabygeleë
Wellington, Weskaap.49
Gevolgtrekking: Sommige moeders se goeie voedingstatus het nie hul kinders teen alkohol se
teratogeniese effekte beskerm nie. Voedingstatus se effek op swangerskapsuitkoms was
statisties beduidend in ‘n paar gevalle. Tog is die navorser van mening dat daar nie genoeg
beduidende bewyse is om die nulhipotese te aanvaar of verwerp nie; dus is die gevolgtrekking
onopgelos.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/16365 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Klinger, Ingrid |
| Contributors | Viljoen, Denis, Marais, Debbi, University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Interdisciplinary Sciences. Human Nutrition. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | xxi, 147 leaves : ill. |
| Rights | University of Stellenbosch |
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