In the 1990s nationally representative and detailed household survey data became
available for the first time in South Africa, opening up opportunities to examine some
of the key movements in the labour market especially. This thesis investigates one of
these: the continued and dramatic rise in female labour force participation that has
occurred in post-apartheid South Africa over the period 1995 to 2001. The rise in
women's participation, also referred to as the 'feminisation' of the labour market, is a
phenomenon that has been observed and analysed in many countries around the
world, and yet has remained largely undocumented in South Africa. The
'feminisation' that has been recorded in the international literature generally refers to
the rise in women's share of the labour force coupled with a rise in women's share of
employment. What is striking in the South African case, however, is that over the
period under review here regular employment opportunities in the formal sector of the
economy have been indisputably limited, and yet female labour force participation has
continued to increase. The increase in participation has translated mainly into a rise in
unemployment and in generally low-paying forms of self-employment in the informal
sector. This raises the question why so many more women chose to enter the labour
market over this period in spite of their dismal prospects, a question that is explored
as far as possible in this study given the constraints imposed by the data available.
This thesis is presented in three main parts. The first part consists of a review of the
economic theory of female labour supply and a review of the international literature
on the trends, causes and consequences associated with the rise in female labour force
participation over time. The second and largest part of the thesis consists of an
empirical analysis of the factors driving the rise in female labour force participation in
South Africa. The broad trends in the labour force between 1995 and 2001 are
documented, some of the supply-side correlates of labour force participation are
explored descriptively, and then the determinants of the rise in female labour force
participation in South Africa over this period are tested more thoroughly in a
multivariate regression and decomposition analysis. The final part of the study turns
to the question of what the rise in female labour force participation has 'bought'
women in terms of access to employment and earnings for those women who did have
work in the period under review. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:ukzn/oai:http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za:10413/5089 |
| Date | January 2003 |
| Creators | Casale, Daniela Maria. |
| Contributors | Posel, Dorrit. |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
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