Arterial hypertension is one of the major treatable
cardiovascular risk factors (1). It is associated with elevated
mortality and the incidence of heart insufficiency, myocardial
infarcts, and apolex (2). Elevated blood pressure in highperformance
athletes is one of the most significant risk factors
for cardiovascular diseases (3). Exaggerated blood pressure
response to exercise testing is commonly regarded as a
predictor of developing overt hypertension (4, 5). However,
findings in adults are inconsistent (6), and no commonly
accepted upper limits indicative of increased risks have been
defined so far (7). There are only a few recommendations for
tolerable upper blood pressure limits in exercise testing (8, 9).
In the Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology
(ESC), it states that an exceeding systolic blood pressure (SB)
of 210 mmHg in men and 190 mmHg in women has been
termed “exercise hypertension” (7). In the American Heart
Association (AHA) guideline for exercise testing (10) a limit
of 214 mmHg (based on the 90th percentile calculated from
>27,000 treadmill tests (11) is reported beyond which the risk
of developing hypertension appears particularly increased (7).
Compared to adults, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure
in children and adolescents is clearly lower. However, there is
a correlation between elevated blood pressure in children and
relation to obesity. In contrast to the recommended upper
blood pressure limits in adults, the definition of arterial
hypertension in children and adults is based on body height
and age-dependent limits. These blood pressure limits are
determined in healthy children and adolescents. However,
such blood pressure limits do not exist for young highperformance
athletes, who are exposed to frequent exerciseinduced
blood pressure increase. There is only limited data
available in which the effects of exercise-induced blood
pressure elevation have been investigated in children and
adolescents. Furthermore, very little is known about the
exercise-induced blood pressure response in children. The
study by Wanne et al. (12) investigated the blood pressure
response under maximal dynamic movement in 497 healthy 9
to 18-year-old on a treadmill in young non- athletes. They
described higher systolic values in postpuberty youths than in
prepuberty. Szmigielska et al. (13) examined 711 (age 10–
18 y) young athletes (training load 7.62 h ± 4.2 h per week). In
the maximal testing on the bike ergometer, the SBP was
significantly higher in boys than in girls (183.2 ± 27.9 mmHg
vs. 170.9 ± 21.4 mmHg, p = 0.03). Description of normative
response to physical exercise in healthy children and
adolescents in terms of percentiles was just recently given by
Sasaki et al. and Clark and al. In the study by Clarke and
collegues normative percentiles of blood pressure response on
a treadmill for healthy children and adolescents were
described (14) in contrast to resting blood pressure and
individual height which was not considered in the study by Sasaki et al. (15) Although exercise testing in young elite
athletes is frequently performed during preparticipation
screenings, very little is known about the “normal” magnitude
and distribution of exercise-induced blood pressure in this
cohort. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the magnitude
and determinants of blood pressure response to dynamic
exercise testing in young elite athletes.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:DRESDEN/oai:qucosa:de:qucosa:91570 |
| Date | 22 May 2024 |
| Creators | Wuestenfeld, J.C., Baersch, F., Ruedrich, P., Paech, C., Wolfarth, B. |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media |
| Source Sets | Hochschulschriftenserver (HSSS) der SLUB Dresden |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, doc-type:article, info:eu-repo/semantics/article, doc-type:Text |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2296-2360, 10.3389/fped.2022.974926 |
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