Several studies have assessed the effects of intermittent hypoxia-normoxia training
(IHNT), intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia training (IHHT), and obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA) on aging and age-related diseases in humans; however, the results remain
contradictory. Therefore, this review aims to systematically summarize the available
studies on the effects of IHNT, IHHT, and OSA on aging and age-related diseases.
Relevant studies were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library
databases, and through manual searching from reference lists of eligible studies. A total
of 38 eligible studies were included in this systematic review. IHHT and IHNT provide
positive effects on several age-related parameters including quality of life, cognitive and
physical functions, plasma level of glucose and cholesterol/LDL, systolic blood pressure,
red blood cells, and inflammation. Moreover, moderate intermittent hypoxia induces
telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity and telomere stabilization, delays
induction of senescence-associated markers expression and senescence-associated
b-galactosidase, upregulates pluripotent marker (Oct4), activates a metabolic shift,
and raises resistance to pro-apoptotic stimuli. On the contrary, intermittent hypoxia
in OSA causes hypertension, metabolic syndrome, vascular function impairment,
quality of life and cognitive scores reduction, advanced brain aging, increase in
insulin resistance, plasma hydrogen peroxide, GSH, IL-6, hsCRP, leptin, and leukocyte
telomere shortening. Thus, it can be speculated that the main factor that determines
the direction of the intermittent hypoxia action is the intensity and duration of exposure.
There is no direct study to prove that IHNT/IHHT actually increases life expectancy in
humans. Therefore, further study is needed to investigate the actual effect of IHNT/IHHT
on aging in humans.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:DRESDEN/oai:qucosa:de:qucosa:86960 |
| Date | 30 August 2023 |
| Creators | Tessema, Belay, Sack, Ulrich, König, Brigitte, Serebrovska, Zoya, Egorov, Egor |
| Publisher | Frontiers Research Foundation |
| Source Sets | Hochschulschriftenserver (HSSS) der SLUB Dresden |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, doc-type:article, info:eu-repo/semantics/article, doc-type:Text |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 878278, 10.3389/fnagi.2022.878278 |
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