FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A Escherichia coli enteroagregativa (EAEC) està entre os mais importantes agentes associados Ãs doenÃas diarreicas persistentes (DP) e mostrou-se prevalente em estudos na populaÃÃo infantil em comunidades carentes da cidade de Fortaleza. A EAEC causa lesÃo e inflamaÃÃo intestinal levando a DP e, quando associada à desnutriÃÃo, pode ocasionar um dÃficit cognitivo e reduÃÃo do crescimento infantil. Este estudo analisou in vitro (IEC-6 e HEp-2), o papel da alanil-glutamina (AG) e do betacaroteno nos mecanismos de proliferaÃÃo, apoptose e necrose e em resposta a lesÃo intestinal induzida por uma cepa EAEC selvagem (LDI001), uma cepa controle EAEC 042 e uma cepa de E. coli HS comensal. A cepa LDI001 foi isolada de uma crianÃa desnutrida. Na viabilidade celular houve uma reduÃÃo significativa (p<0.05) pÃs-infecÃÃo com as EAECs nas concentraÃÃes de 105UFC/mL nos tempos de 12, 24 e 48 horas. Contudo, a cepa comensal apenas alterou no tempo tardio (48h). As cÃlulas lesionadas por EAEC diminuÃram a transcriÃÃo (p<0.05) do mRNA dos genes c-jun e c-fos e, apenas tardiamente (12h), com a cepa comensal. A apoptose celular aumentou (p<0.05) apÃs a infecÃÃo com todas as cepas em 24h. PorÃm, o dano persistiu elevado apenas nas cÃlulas tratadas com as cepas de EAEC. A cepa 042 aumentou as cÃlulas necrÃticas (p<0.05) em todos os tempos, embora a LDI001 causou o dano apenas em 24h.Todas as cÃlulas infectadas sofreram aumento da transcriÃÃo (p<0.05) de caspase 8 em 12h. Houve aumento trascricional (p<0.05) de NF-kB em 12h nas cÃlulas infectadas. Enquanto os nÃveis de transcriÃÃo de IL-8 foram altos imediatamente ao termino da infecÃÃo (0h) e houve reduÃÃo em 12h. A LDI001 causou reduÃÃo da viabilidade celular vinculada à sua aÃÃo apoptÃtica. A EAEC 042 induziu danos tanto pela apoptose como a necrose celular. A cepa comensal mostrou um perfil diferenciado das outras cepas provavelmente por nÃo apresentar genes de virulÃncia. A suplementaÃÃo com AG 1mM foi capaz de aumentar a proliferaÃÃo celular (p<0.05) associado a reduÃÃo da apoptose e necrose (p<0.05) nas cÃlulas pÃs-infectadas nos tempos de 12, 24 e 48h. Contudo, a presenÃa de AG 1mM nas cÃlulas infectadas nÃo alterou os baixos nÃveis transcricionais de c-jun e c-fos promovidos pela infecÃÃo, e nÃo conseguiu bloquear a transcriÃÃo significante (p<0.05) de caspase 8. Os nÃveis de transcriÃÃo de NF-kB ainda permaneceu aumentado (p<0.05) na presenÃa de AG em cÃlulas pÃs-infectadas no tempo de 12h. Percebeu-se a continua reduÃÃo temporal da transcriÃÃo de IL-8 nÃo estava associada ao tratamento das cÃlulas infectadas com AG 1mM. A suplementaÃÃo com AG obteve efeitos positivos na proteÃÃo epitelial contra os danos causados pela infecÃÃo das cepas tanto nos processos proliferativos quanto na inibiÃÃo de morte celular. Contudo, a alanil-glutamina nÃo bloqueou a transcriÃÃo de caspase 8 podendo sua funÃÃo antiapoptÃtica estar relacionada a outra via de aÃÃo no presente modelo em estudo. O tratamento com betacaroteno promoveu a reversÃo do dano na viabilidade celular significativa (p<0.05) apenas em 24h apÃs infecÃÃo. Enquanto a presenÃa do betacaroteno em cÃlulas pÃs-infectadas com EAEC selvagem causou aumento de apoptose e necrose (p<0.05) em 48h. CÃlulas infectadas tratadas com betacaroteno nÃo aumentaram os nÃveis de c-jun e c-fos e tambÃm nÃo conseguiram bloquear a transcriÃÃo de caspase 8 e aumentaram (p<0.05) os nÃveis de caspase 3 no tempo de 12h. O betacaroteno mostrou-se potencialmente lesivo Ãs cÃlulas causando morte celular, provavelmente, relacionado aos seus efeitos prooxidantes. / Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is among the most important agents associated with persistent diarrhea (DP) and was prevalent in studies in children in poor communities in the city of Fortaleza. EAEC cause intestinal injury and inflammation leading to DP and, when combined with malnutrition, can cause a cognitive deficit and infant growth impairment. The current study examined in vitro (IEC-6 and HEp-2) intestinal pathophysiology of three strains: EAEC wild type, EAEC 042 (positive control) and non-pathogenic E.coli HS as well as the role of alanyl-glutamine (AG) and beta-carotene in the mechanisms of proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis in response to the injury caused by EAEC strains. The wild type strain was isolated from a malnourished child. Intestinal cells viability assay in showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) after post-infection with EAEC strains at concentrations of 105UFC/mL in 12, 24 and 48 hours. However, the E.coli HS only changed the intestinal cell viability after 48 hours. EAEC post-infected intestinal cells presented mRNA transcription decrease (p<0.05) of c-jun and c-fos at the period of zero, 6 and 12 hours after infection was terminated, but E.coli HS showed this decrease only after 12h of infection. Intestinal cell apoptosis increased after infection by all strains 24h of infection. However, the cell damage remained intense in the cells treated only with EAEC strains. EAEC 042 increased cell necrosis (p<0.05) in all evaluated periods, but the wild type strain caused damage with only at the period of 24h. All infected cells had a mRNA transcription increase of caspase 8 gene (p<0.05) in12h. NF-kB mRNA transcription increase (p<0.05) was seen in infected cells only in the period of 12h. While transcription levels of IL-8 were extremely high immediately after the infection was interrupted (0h), that was a drastic reduction at 12h after the end of infection. The wild type strain caused a reduction in cell viability linked apoptosis. However, EAEC 042 induced this decrease as also cellular necrosis. E. coli HS showed a different infection profile probably because its lack of virulence genes. AG 1mM supplementation was able to enhance cell proliferation (p<0.05) associated with apoptosis and necrosis reduction (p<0.05) in post-infected cells at the periods of 12, 24 and 48h. However, the presence of AG 1mM in infected cells did not affect the mRNA transcription low levels of c-jun and c-fos as seen after EAEC infection, and failed to block caspase 8 mRNA transcription increase (p<0.05). The IL-8 mRNA transcription temporal reduction was not associated with AG treatment in post-infected cells. Supplementation with AG had positive effects on epithelial protection against damage caused by both EAEC strains in proliferation assay and inhibition of cell death. However, since caspase 8 mRNA transcription decrease was not observed after AG treatment, AG anti-apoptosis feature could be probably related to another mechanism. Beta-carotene cell damage reversal on cell viability assay was statistical significant (p<0.05) 24 hours after infection was ended. Beta-carotene caused 48h apoptosis and necrosis (p<0.05) in wild type strain post-infected cells. Infected cells treated with beta-carotene could not block c-jun and c-fos mRNA transcription reduction and also failed to inhibit caspase 8 mRNA transcription, but beta-carotene itself increased levels of caspase 3 at the period of 12h after infection. Beta-carotene was shown to be potentially harmful to intestinal cells causing cell death probably related to its pro-oxidant effects.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:www.teses.ufc.br:7553 |
| Date | 15 February 2013 |
| Creators | Mara de Moura Gondim Prata |
| Contributors | Alexandre Havt BindÃ, Aldo Ãngelo Moreira Lima, Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Ila Fernanda Nunes Lima |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Programa de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo em Farmacologia, UFC, BR |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFC, instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará, instacron:UFC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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