Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, 2012. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2013-01-04T14:23:41Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2012_JulianoSilvaCortinhas.pdf: 5354755 bytes, checksum: bbc2c2d8e62d7639e5df08ac5fac68e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2013-01-30T14:49:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
2012_JulianoSilvaCortinhas.pdf: 5354755 bytes, checksum: bbc2c2d8e62d7639e5df08ac5fac68e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-30T14:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2012_JulianoSilvaCortinhas.pdf: 5354755 bytes, checksum: bbc2c2d8e62d7639e5df08ac5fac68e4 (MD5) / A tese compara os processos de elaboração do orçamento de defesa dos EUA no primeiro mandato de Reagan, quando o buildup militar atingiu seu ápice, e no mandato de George H. W. Bush, quando o Executivo procurou realizar cortes nos programas de armamentos convencionais da gestão anterior e, em grande medida, foi impedido de atingir seus objetivos pelo Legislativo. Teoricamente, a tese está fundamentada na associação entre os modelos conceituais de Allison e o debate agente-estrutura de Relações Internacionais, analisando-se a estrutura decisória, com foco no equilíbrio de poder entre Executivo e Legislativo e nas normas que regulam o processo, bem como o papel que ocupam os principais agentes que participaram das tomadas de decisão. Argumenta-se que, durante a gestão Reagan, o processo de elaboração do orçamento se aproximou do modelo I de Allison, no marco de um ambiente internacional em que as ameaças eram claras, o que, entre outros fatores, contribuiu para a prevalência do Executivo sobre o Congresso. Ao contrário, os processos de formulação dos orçamentos de defesa da Administração Bush se aproximaram do modelo III de Allison, resultando em dominação dos debates pelo Congresso, o que facilitou a participação de agentes não-estatais e, consequentemente, levou a uma maior dificuldade de corte de gastos, mesmo em um cenário em que as ameaças externas haviam sido minimizadas. Em conclusão, observa-se que as peculiaridades da interação de agentes e estruturas, no marco de um complexo ambiente institucional, por diferentes razões, tende a preservar o volume de investimentos em defesa no longo prazo. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The thesis compares the construction of the American defense budget during the first
Reagan administration, when the military buildup reached its apex, and the George H. W. Bush administration, when the Executive tried to conduct the decrease of the budget, by cutting conventional weapon systems initiated by the previous
administration but, in great sense, was stopped by Congress. Theoretically, the
thesis is based on the association between Allison’s three conceptual models and the
agent-structure debate in International Relations. These frameworks provide the
necessary tools for the analysis of the decisions’ structures, which is focused on the balance of power between the President and Congress and on the norms that influence the process, and for the analysis of the agents that participated in the decision-making. We argue that during the Reagan administration, the budget process can be related to Allison’s model I, since the international threats to the
United States were clear, what, among other factors, contributed to the prevalence of
the Executive over Congress. On the contrary, the defense budget processes during
the Bush administration can be closely connected to Allison’s third model, since the
debates were the result of Congressional dominance, and were characterized by the
emergence of other agents, such as interest groups. This new environment led to greater difficulties when the Administration tried to cut programs, even though it was a low threat environment. In conclusion, we observe that the peculiarities of the interaction between agents and structures, in a complex institutional environment, for different reasons, tend to preserve the level of defense investments in the long run.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.unb.br:10482/11990 |
| Date | 20 September 2012 |
| Creators | Cortinhas, Juliano da Silva |
| Contributors | Mycoff, Jason, Rocha, Antônio Jorge Ramalho da |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, instname:Universidade de Brasília, instacron:UNB |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Page generated in 0.0065 seconds