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Previous issue date: 2011-12-22 / The objective of this study was to produce biofuels (bio-oil and gas) from the thermal
treatment of sewage sludge in rotating cylinder, aiming industrial applications. The biomass was
characterized by immediate and instrumental analysis (elemental analysis, scanning electron
microscopy - SEM, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and ICP-OES). A kinetic study on
non-stationary regime was done to calculate the activation energy by Thermal Gravimetric
Analysis evaluating thermochemical and thermocatalytic process of sludge, the latter being in the
presence of USY zeolite. As expected, the activation energy evaluated by the mathematical
model "Model-free kinetics" applying techniques isoconversionais was lowest for the catalytic
tests (57.9 to 108.9 kJ/mol in the range of biomass conversion of 40 to 80%). The pyrolytic plant
at a laboratory scale reactor consists of a rotating cylinder whose length is 100 cm with capable
of processing up to 1 kg biomass/h. In the process of pyrolysis thermochemical were studied
following parameters: temperature of reaction (500 to 600 ? C), flow rate of carrier gas (50 to 200
mL/min), frequency of rotation of centrifugation for condensation of bio-oil (20 to 30 Hz) and
flow of biomass (4 and 22 g/min). Products obtained during the process (pyrolytic liquid, coal
and gas) were characterized by classical and instrumental analytical techniques. The maximum
yield of liquid pyrolytic was approximately 10.5% obtained in the conditions of temperature of
500 ?C, centrifugation speed of 20 Hz, an inert gas flow of 200 mL/min and feeding of biomass
22 g/min. The highest yield obtained for the gas phase was 23.3% for the temperature of 600 ?C,
flow rate of 200 mL/min inert, frequency of rotation of the column of vapor condensation 30 Hz
and flow of biomass of 22 g/min. The non-oxygenated aliphatic hydrocarbons were found in
greater proportion in the bio-oil (55%) followed by aliphatic oxygenated (27%). The bio-oil had
the following characteristics: pH 6.81, density between 1.05 and 1.09 g/mL, viscosity between
2.5 and 3.1 cSt and highest heating value between 16.91 and 17.85 MJ/ kg. The main
components in the gas phase were: H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. Hydrogen was the main constituent of
the gas mixture, with a yield of about 46.2% for a temperature of 600 ? C. Among the
hydrocarbons formed, methane was found in higher yield (16.6%) for the temperature 520 oC.
The solid phase obtained showed a high ash content (70%) due to the abundant presence of
metals in coal, in particular iron, which was also present in bio-oil with a rate of 0.068% in the
test performed at a temperature of 500 oC. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir biocombust?veis (bio-?leo e g?s), a partir do
tratamento t?rmico do lodo de esgoto dom?stico em cilindro rotativo, visando aplica??o
industrial. A biomassa foi caracterizada por an?lise imediata e instrumental (An?lise Elementar,
Microsc?pica Eletr?nica de Varredura - MEV, Difra??o de Raios-X, Espectroscopia no
Infravermelho, ICP-OES). Um estudo cin?tico, em regime n?o estacion?rio foi realizado para o
c?lculo da energia de ativa??o por An?lise T?rmica Gravim?trica avaliando os processos
termoqu?micos e termocatal?ticos do lodo, sendo este ?ltimo na presen?a da ze?lita USY. Como
esperado, a energia de ativa??o avaliada pelo modelo matem?tico "Model-free kinetics"
aplicando t?cnicas isoconversionais foi menor para os ensaios catal?ticos (57,9 108,9 kJ/mol,
no intervalo de convers?es da biomassa de 40 ? 80%). A planta pirol?tica, em escala de
laborat?rio ? constitu?da de um reator de cilindro rotativo cujo comprimento ? 100 cm, com
capacidade de processar at? 1 Kg biomassa/h. No processo da pir?lise termoqu?mica foram
estudados os seguintes par?metros: temperatura da rea??o (500 ? 600 ?C), vaz?o do g?s de
arraste (50 ? 200 mL/min), freq??ncia de rota??o de centrifuga??o (20 ? 30 Hz) para
condensa??o do bio-?leo e vaz?o m?ssica de biomassa (4 e 22 g/min). Os produtos obtidos
durante o processo (l?quido pirol?tico, carv?o e g?s) foram caracterizados atrav?s de t?cnicas
anal?ticas cl?ssicas e instrumentais. O rendimento m?ximo de l?quido pirol?tico foi da ordem de
10,5% obtido nas condi??es de temperatura de 500 ?C, rota??o da centrifuga??o de 20 Hz,
vaz?o de g?s inerte de 200 mL/min e vaz?o m?ssica de biomassa 22 g/min. O maior rendimento
obtido para a fase gasosa foi de 23,3 %, para a temperatura da rea??o de 600 oC, vaz?o de inerte
200 mL/min, freq??ncia de rota??o da coluna de condensa??o de vapores 30 Hz e vaz?o
m?ssica de biomassa de 22 g/min. Os hidrocarbonetos alif?ticos n?o oxigenados foram
encontrados em maior propor??o no bio-?leo (55%) seguido pelos compostos alif?ticos
oxigenados (27%). O bio-?leo apresentou as seguintes caracter?sticas: pH 6,81, densidade entre
1,05 e 1,09 g/mL, viscosidade entre 2,5 e 3,1 cSt e poder calor?fico superior entre 16,91 e 17,85
MJ/kg. Os principais componentes obtidos na fase gasosa foram: H2, CO, CO2, CH4. O
hidrog?nio foi o principal constituinte da mistura gasosa, com rendimento da ordem de 46,2 %,
para a temperatura de 600 oC e, dentre os hidrocarbonetos formados, o metano foi encontrado
em maior rendimento (16,6 %) para a temperatura 520 oC. A fase s?lida obtida apresentou
elevado teor de cinzas (70%), devido ? presen?a abundante de metais no carv?o, em particular,
o ferro, o qual esteve tamb?m presente no bio-?leo com um percentual de 0,068 % no ensaio
realizado na temperatura de 500 oC
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/15915 |
| Date | 22 December 2011 |
| Creators | Pedrosa, Marcelo Mendes |
| Contributors | CPF:12270202449, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783510Y4, Fontes, Francisco de Assis Oliveira, CPF:20300190468, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9043538628554844, Melo, Josette Lourdes de Sousa, CPF:10200720406, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787094H6, Perez, Juan Miguel Mesa, CPF:22542711801, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0462344628491649, Pickler, Arilza Castilho, CPF:58767746772, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4438669610122617, Sousa, Jo?o Fernandes de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia Qu?mica, UFRN, BR, Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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