Broiler flocks become frequently asymptomatically contaminated by the enteric bacteria Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. which are human pathogens. Among the strategies developed at farm level to reduce the incidence of these pathogens, some lactic acid bacteria have been shown to be interesting because of their antimicrobial activity and their stimulatory properties on the immune system of poultry. The aim of this thesis was to select bacteria with antagonistic activity against Salmonella or Campylobacter, and to improve their inhibitory effect by the combination with enzymes of polysaccharidase type. The first step of the thesis was an epidemiological study carried out in the Walloon region in order to determine the contamination way of broilers by Campylobacter in free range production. Results showed that the major way of contamination is the open-air range to which the animals have access during the rearing period. A preventive treatment of the open-air range and the straw litter with an antagonistic strain in combination with an enzyme seems thus to be suitable in this case. The second step of the work aimed at the selection of a xylanase for using as a dietary additive in combination with an antagonistic bacterial strain against Salmonella. Four xylanases were studied in vivo for their effect on growth performances of broiler chickens. Diet supplementation with enzyme led to an increased final body weight and daily weight gain (P < 0.05), without difference according to the bacterial or fungal origin of the xylanase. The Belfeed B1100MP xylanase, which is commercialized in he Walloon region, was selected in order to develop a probiotic-xylanase feed additive. The purpose of the third part was to select a bacterial strain with antagonistic activity against Campylobacter for applying on open-air range and broiler litter. An in vitro screening of 12 lactic acid bacteria was realised using a co-culture assay with a growth medium based on straw and dehydrated poultry excreta, supplemented with different cellulase concentrations. Lactobacillus pentosus and Enterococcus faecium showed inhibitory effect against Campylobacter without enzyme which was intensified by cellulose from 200 ppm. Finally, the effect of dietary supplementation with a L. plantarum strain combined with the Belfeed B1100MP (PE treatment) on growth performance, microflora, and faecal Salmonella Typhimurium concentrations, was studied with experimentally infected broiler chickens. The PE diet allowed to partially overcome the negative effects associated with the infection on growth performance and microflora, and to significantly reduce faecal Salmonella concentration.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:BICfB/oai:ETDFUSAGx:FUSAGxetd-10142010-120104 |
| Date | 10 September 2010 |
| Creators | Vandeplas, Sabrina |
| Contributors | Portetelle, Daniel, Ducatelle, R., (RUG), Denis, M., (AFSSA-France), Marlier, D., (ULg - Dépt. chimique Médecine vétérinaire), Culot, Marc, Thonart, Philippe, Théwis, André, Beckers, Yves |
| Publisher | Universite de Gembloux |
| Source Sets | Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de la Communauté française de Belgique |
| Language | French |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://bictel-fusagx.ulg.ac.be/ETD-db/collection/available/FUSAGxetd-10142010-120104/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, Je certifie avoir complété et signé le contrat BICTEL/e remis par le gestionnaire facultaire. |
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