INTRODUCTION
With effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection now enjoy life expectancies approaching those of uninfected individuals. Prolonged longevity has increased the prevalence of non-communicable comorbidities within the HIV patient population. HIV is a known independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), imparting a 1.5-2 -fold higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) on infected patients. Deaths from ASCVD have increased as a result, despite a decline in total mortality. The Center of Excellence for HIV/AIDS care established a Cardiovirology Clinic (CvC) focused on providing primary and secondary preventative cardiovascular care to its patients. To date, there are no known data on the efficacy of such an intervention. We sought to define the performance of this care model for primary prevention.
METHODS
Unique CvC patients (n=68) with a treatment delivery window between September 1, 2017 to August 31, 2018 were identified through billing records. All patients were receiving HAART as prescribed by their infectious disease provider. Those with established ASCVD (n=10) were excluded from analysis to limit the study to primary prevention patients. We collected data on ASCVD risk factors (family history of premature ASCVD and personal histories of smoking, diabetes, hypertension [with degree of control], dyslipidemia, drug and alcohol use, and exercise) from the electronic health record. Body-mass index and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were also collected. Laboratory values including CD4 cell count, HIV-1 viral load, proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high (HDL) and low density (LDL) lipoprotein were included in the data collection. Estimates of 5-year risk of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or need for major revascularization was calculated using the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) equations.
Patient data were de-identified. Two-tailed, paired T-testing was performed for each factor comparing the initial and most recent follow-up values. Significance was defined as p value <0.05.
RESULTS
Using univariate analysis, reductions in D:A:D risk (relative 32.01%, absolute 1.49%, p
CONCLUSION
In this initial assessment, treated HIV patients appeared to enjoy meaningful reductions in MACE risk through the preventive care they received in this clinic, suggesting that CvCs could be a partial solution to the growing ASCVD morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals. Limitations of this study include a small patient population (n=58) (limiting us to univariate analyses) and short duration of follow up (≤ 1 year). Data collection will continue annually for 4 additional years. With increasing subject numbers, multivariate analyses to determine if components of ASCVD risk reduction show interactions, and which factors, interactions and interventions impart the greatest risk reduction, will be performed in improve the quality of care.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:ETSU/oai:dc.etsu.edu:asrf-1283 |
| Date | 12 April 2019 |
| Creators | Maeng, Jae G, Geraci, Stephen A. |
| Publisher | Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University |
| Source Sets | East Tennessee State University |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | Appalachian Student Research Forum |
| Rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
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