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Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Nos ?ltimos anos, a eleva??o cont?nua no volume de emiss?es de di?xido de carbono (CO2) e sua concentra??o na atmosfera colocou o tema da mudan?a clim?tica no centro do debate pol?tico-econ?mico mundial. Atualmente, os maiores emissores de CO2 do mundo s?o os pa?ses emergentes, denominado BRICS, que v?m apresentando um crescimento econ?mico expressivo e respondendo por mais de 40% das emiss?es totais deste poluente no planeta (EIA, 2016). Em termos anal?ticos, o estudo da rela??o entre crescimento econ?mico e emiss?es de poluentes t?m sido feito com base na abordagem da Curva de Kuznets Ambiental (CKA), a qual implica a exist?ncia de uma rela??o no formato de um ?U? invertido entre polui??o e renda. Desta forma, ? medida que a renda alcan?a um determinado patamar as emiss?es de poluentes come?am a declinar, fazendo com que haja uma melhora na qualidade ambiental. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi o de verificar se existe uma CKA para o grupo de pa?ses do BRICS utilizando a metodologia econom?trica de cointegra??o em dados em painel. Al?m da vari?vel PIB per capita, foram adicionadas mais tr?s vari?veis ao modelo: consumo per capita de energia, fluxo de com?rcio e uma dummy para captar os efeitos do Protocolo de Quioto sobre o n?vel de emiss?es destes pa?ses. Os resultados do modelo econom?trico indicaram a exist?ncia de uma rela??o no formato de um ?U? invertido entre renda per capita e emiss?es de CO2, com pontos de inflex?es de US$ 2.033,89 e US$ 2.057,61 respectivamente, nos estimadores FMOLS e DOLS. O consumo per capita de energia apresentou uma rela??o positiva com as emiss?es de CO2, enquanto a rela??o da vari?vel de com?rcio internacional foi negativa. Al?m disso, o coeficiente da vari?vel dummy n?o apresentou signific?ncia estat?stica. Assim, julga-se necess?rio a implementa??o de pol?ticas ambientais nos pa?ses do BRICS que estimulem o crescimento econ?mico com aumento da participa??o de fontes renov?veis, melhor efici?ncia energ?tica e transa??es comerciais que envolvam a transfer?ncia de tecnologia menos poluente para estes pa?ses. Ademais, acredita-se que um Acordo internacional de redu??o das emiss?es de CO2 que recaia tamb?m sobre os pa?ses em desenvolvimento ? de extrema relev?ncia para diminuir o n?vel de emiss?es e manter a temperatura do planeta em patamar est?vel. / In recent years, a steady rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its own concentration on the atmosphere put the climate change issue at the center of the global political-economic debate. Today, the world's largest emitters of CO2 are the emerging BRICS countries, which show significant economic growth and account for more than 40% of total emissions of this pollutant on the planet (EIA, 2016). In analytical terms, the study of the relationship between economic growth and pollutant emissions has been made based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (CKA) approach, which implies an shaped relationship of an inverted "U" between pollution and Income In this way, as income reaches a certain level the emissions of pollutants begin to decline, resulting an improvement in environmental quality. In this sense, the general objective of the research is to verify if there is an evidence of CKA hypothesis for the BRICS group of countries using an economic methodology of panel data cointegration. In addition to the GDP per capita variable, three more variables were added to the model: per capita energy consumption, trade flow and a dummy to capture the effects of the Kyoto Protocol on countries' emissions levels. The results of the econometric model indicated an existence of a relationship of an inverted "U" between per capita income and CO2 emissions, with inflection points of US $ 2,033.89 and US $ 2,057.61, respectively, in the FMOLS and DOLS. The per capita consumption of energy showed a positive relation with CO2 emissions, while a relation of the international trade variable was negative. In addition, the coefficient of the dummy variable, which measures the effects of the Kyoto Protocol, was not statistically significant. Thus, it is considered necessary to implement environmental policies in BRICS countries that stimulate economic growth by increasing the share of renewable sources, better energy and transactions that imply a transfer of less polluting technology to these countries. In addition, it is believed that an international agreement to reduce CO2 emissions that also includes developing countries is extremely important to reduce the level of emissions and keep the planet's temperature at a stable level.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/23428 |
| Date | 03 March 2017 |
| Creators | Castro, Alisson Silva de |
| Contributors | 03446605401, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8841368848220253, Guedes, Jo?o Paulo Martins, 00062811339, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1790445746970638, Farias, Joedson Jales de, 32276923415, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6333927737449186, Andrade, Daniel Caixeta, Alves, Janaina da Silva |
| Publisher | PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ECONOMIA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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