Neste trabalho empregou-se a técnica de cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente (GC×GC) na análise de compostos nitrogenados presentes em frações pesadas de amostras de petróleo de águas profundas: gasóleo pesado (GOP) e resíduo de destilação à pressão atmosférica (RAT); e na análise de óleos voláteis de Eucalyptus dunnii e Psidium guajava. O detector seletivo de nitrogênio e fósforo (NPD) foi aprimorado para ser utilizado em GC×GC e aplicado às amostras de petróleo. O método desenvolvido com esse sistema (GC×GC-NPD) permitiu a análise quantitativa de compostos nitrogenados presentes no GOP e no RAT. A alta resolução e a estruturação obtida no espaço de separação para a chamada mistura complexa não resolvida (UCM – unresolved complex mixture) levaram à obtenção de resultados inéditos na identificação e quantificação destes compostos utilizando-se GC×GC-NPD e GC×GC/TOFMS (cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente acoplada à espectrometria de massas por tempo de vôo). Por GC×GC-NPD foi possível quantificar o indol, alquil-carbazóis entre C0 e C6+, alquil-benzocarbazóis entre C0 e C4+, alquil-quinolinas, isoquinolinas e alquil-benzoquinolinas; com limites de detecção entre 0,16 e 8,49 pg. Por GC×GC/TOFMS foi possível identificar tentativamente alquil-indóis entre C0 e C3, alquil-carbazóis entre C0 e C8, alquilbenzocarbazóis entre C0 e C6, alquil-quinolinas entre C0 e C5, alquil-indeno-piridinas C0 e C1, alquil-indeno-quinolinas C0 e C2, alquil-benzoquinolinas entre C0 e C5, alquildibenzoquinolinas entre C0 e C4+, e alquil-tribenzoquinolinas C0. Na aplicação das técnicas cromatográficas aos óleos voláteis, foram utilizados os sistemas 1D-GC (cromatografia gasosa monodimensional) com detectores FID (detector por ionização em chama) e qMS (espectrômetro de massas com quadrupolo), e GC×GC com os detectores FID, qMS e TOFMS. Além da otimização da separação bidimensional com diversos conjuntos de colunas e condições cromatográficas, foram realizados estudos comparativos utilizando índices de retenção e espectros de massas obtidos por 1D-GC e GC×GC. No óleo de E. dunnii foram tentativamente identificados 34 compostos por 1D-GC e 112 compostos por GC×GC. Para o óleo de P. guajava, foram tentativamente identificados 43 compostos por 1D-GC e 147 compostos por GC×GC. / In the present work, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) was applied to analyse nitrogen containing compounds in heavy fractions from deep water petroleum samples: heavy gasoil (HGO) and atmospheric pressure distillation residue (AR); and also to analyse volatile oils from Eucalyptus dunnii and Psidium guajava. Nitrogen-phosphorus selective detector (NPD) was improved to be used in GC×GC and it was also applied to petrochemical samples. The developed method (GC×GC-NPD) was able to quantify nitrogen-containing compounds in HGO and AR. Well-structured and high resolved 2D-plots obtained from these unresolved complex mixtures (UCM) by 1D-GC, provided new analytical information when GC×GC–NPD and GC×GC/TOFMS (comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometer) were applied. GC×GC-NPD was able to quantify indol, alkyl-carbazoles ranging from C0 to C6+, alkyl-benzocarbazoles from C0 to C4+, alkyl-quinolines, isoquinoline, and alkyl-benzoquinolines. LODs of 0.16 to 8.49 pg for individual compounds were achieved. GC×GC/TOFMS provided tentative identification of alkyl-indols ranging from C0 to C3, alkyl-carbazoles ranging from C0 and C8, alkyl-benzocarbazoles from C0 to C6, alkyl-quinolines from C0 to C5, alkylindene- pyridines C0 and C1, alkyl-indene-quinolines C0 and C2, alkyl-benzoquinolines from C0 to C5, alkyl-dibenzoquinolines from C0 to C4+, and alkyl-tribenzoquinolines C0. The application of chromatographic techniques to volatile oils were performed with 1D-GC (one-dimensional gas chromatography) using FID (flame ionization detector) and qMS (quadrupole mass spectrometer), and also with GC×GC using FID, qMS, and TOFMS. Bidimensional separations were optimized through the use of several column sets and different chromatographic conditions. Comparative studies of retention indices and mass spectra obtained under 1D-GC and GC×GC were performed. Thirty four compounds were tentatively identified on E. dunnii volatile oil under 1D-GC conditions, and 112 compounds when GC×GC was employed. On the P. guajava volatile oil, it was possible to tentatively identified 43 compounds by 1DGC, and 147 compounds by GC×GC.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:lume56.ufrgs.br:10183/8709 |
| Date | January 2007 |
| Creators | Muhlen, Carin von |
| Contributors | Caramão, Elina Bastos, Zini, Claudia Alcaraz, Marriott, Philip J. |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | Portuguese |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:UFRGS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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