The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of various forms of fertilisers (mineral, organic, and their combinations) with graded rates of N (N0, N1, N2, N3) on yields of crops (peas, winter wheat, root and tuber crops, spring barley) and the N content in the staple product (HP) and by-product (VP); subsequently to assess the nitrogen balance (uptake and output) in the individual crops in 2009 -- 2012. Experiments involving 9 combinations of fertilisation were established in 1996 at 13 ÚKZÚZ (Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture) stations lying in different soil and climate conditions (potato growing region - BVO, sugar-beet growing region - RVO). Yields differed according to region and crop. As a general rule the yields increased with the rates of nitrogen (various rates for the respective crop). Fertiliser application increased potato yields (BVO) much more than yields of sugar-beet (ŘVO). The application of the fertiliser to potatoes increased the yields of subsequently grown spring barley, while after the application of organic fertiliser to sugar-beet the differences in barley yields were minimal. The contents of N in the staple product and by-product usually increased with the N rate; the N contents in grain and straw of both cereals were higher in the ŘVO than in BVO. The total and/or average annual N balance (uptake, output) in both regions was negative in 8 out of the 9 treatments (-- 2 to -- 62 kg N/ha and -- 6 to -- 86 kg N/ha in BVO and ŘVO, respectively). There is no doubt that the application of the fertiliser considerably improved the N balance, but a positive balance was achieved only in combination with the highest N rate in the mineral fertiliser. As the results show, it is necessary to select the adequate rate of N considering the uptake by the yields.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:nusl.cz/oai:invenio.nusl.cz:178607 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Creators | Prchalová, Renáta |
| Source Sets | Czech ETDs |
| Language | Czech |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
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