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The balance of potassium and phosphorus were observed at long-term 17-year field experiments with different fertilizing systems. The field experiments were located at five sites in the Czech Republic (Červený Újezd, Hněvčeves, Humpolec, Lukavec and Suchdol) with different soil and climatic conditions. The balances were observed at: treatments with organic fertilization (sewage sludge, FYM), treatments with mineral fertilization (NPK, N, N + straw) and unfertilized control treatment, as well. Two experiments were realized: one with crop rotation (potatoes, winter wheat, spring barley) at all mentioned sites and the second was monoculture maize experiment at Červený Újezd and Suchdol sites. The positive balance of phosphorus was at the treatments with sewage sludge (SS) as well as with farmyard manure (FYM) application and at the NPK treatment. The average phosphorus balance ranged between +1.8 and +14.0 kg/ha/year at the treatments NPK, between +7.2 and +21.6 kg/ha/year at treatments with FYM application and between +66.7 and +75.6 kg/ha/year at SS treatments, respectively. The balance of phosphorus with a higher dose of sewage sludge reached +249.6 kg/ha/year. The average negative balance of phosphorus (from -27.5 to -13.4 kg/ha/year) was calculated at the treatments N and N + straw. The balance of control unfertilized treatments ranged between -21.9 and -11.0 kg/ha/year. The average positive balance of potassium in the experiment with crop rotation was estimated at all of FYM treatments. The balance reached the values from +2.3 to +30.1 kg/ha/year. On the contrary, the balance at FYM treatment in experiment with maize monoculture was negative (-15.2 kg K/ha/year). The balance of potassium in experiment with crop rotation ranged between -9.5 and 33.2 kg/ha/year at the NPK treatments. Similar values were obtained in the experiment with monoculture, where the balance at the NPK treatment reached +32.1 kg K/ha/year. The negative balance of potassium (between -69.2 and -8.9 kg/ha/year) was obtained at treatments with sewage sludge application. The most negative balances were calculated at N and N+straw treatments (-104 to -55.0 kg/ha/year) and as expected at Control (-73.2 to -43.6 kg K/ha/year). The bioavailable soil phosphorus and potassium contents changes were in most cases in close relation with balances calculated. Soil variability in observed soil factors was found in the plots and confirms the assumption that the system of fertilization affects crop yields.

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Tato práce se zabývá informačními systémy veřejné správy. Především jejich vývojem, základními dokumenty a arogány a otázkou jejich dlouhodobého řízení. Práce obsahuje návrh, jak by orgány veřejné správy mohly postupovat při tvorbě hlavního nástroje řízení ISVS, informační strategie.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of various forms of fertilisers (mineral, organic, and their combinations) with graded rates of N (N0, N1, N2, N3) on yields of crops (peas, winter wheat, root and tuber crops, spring barley) and the N content in the staple product (HP) and by-product (VP); subsequently to assess the nitrogen balance (uptake and output) in the individual crops in 2009 -- 2012. Experiments involving 9 combinations of fertilisation were established in 1996 at 13 ÚKZÚZ (Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture) stations lying in different soil and climate conditions (potato growing region - BVO, sugar-beet growing region - RVO). Yields differed according to region and crop. As a general rule the yields increased with the rates of nitrogen (various rates for the respective crop). Fertiliser application increased potato yields (BVO) much more than yields of sugar-beet (ŘVO). The application of the fertiliser to potatoes increased the yields of subsequently grown spring barley, while after the application of organic fertiliser to sugar-beet the differences in barley yields were minimal. The contents of N in the staple product and by-product usually increased with the N rate; the N contents in grain and straw of both cereals were higher in the ŘVO than in BVO. The total and/or average annual N balance (uptake, output) in both regions was negative in 8 out of the 9 treatments (-- 2 to -- 62 kg N/ha and -- 6 to -- 86 kg N/ha in BVO and ŘVO, respectively). There is no doubt that the application of the fertiliser considerably improved the N balance, but a positive balance was achieved only in combination with the highest N rate in the mineral fertiliser. As the results show, it is necessary to select the adequate rate of N considering the uptake by the yields.

Heat-treatment belongs to the most ecological methods of wood preservation methods and increase of its natural stability in exposition to outdoor conditions. Research of mechanical properties opens new possibilities of thermowood usage in general. Wood appertains to viscoelastic materials and due to long-term loading creeps. There currently rise both elastic deformation, deformation elastic in time and plastic deformation. Partially there are irreversible changes due to stress even after unloading. This work presents first insight to the matters of thermowood rheology and inspects its behavior under long-term loading in bending. This paper compares ratio of these three types of deformation in untreated wood and thermally modified wood in seven different temperatures (140; 160; 180; 190; 200, 210°C). The samples were exposed to 600 hours applied loading covering 40% of ultimate stress (modulus of rapture). Test were performed under constant conditions in special creep units in conditioning kiln. Increasing deformation under constant load was analyzed by Burger rheological model. The results show that samples treated under lower temperatures (140 and 160°C) exhibit greater creep than untreated wood. This result is positive for structural usage of wood. On the other hand the samples treated under higher temperatures levels (200 an 210°C) display deterioration of mechanical properties. This is due to changes in wood structures caused by heat-treatment. The most important impact of this work goes to future research of this field. Next development has to apply for the best quality of samples and also select rather prismatic parallelism than transversal one. Also application of 40% ultimate stress loading appeared as too high and together with wood defects led to destruction of samples.

Fertilization and liming of grasslands have been used as an instrument improving hay production for centuries. For a long period of time, these practices not only sustained and increased hay yields, but also had negative effects on grassland ecosystems. Among others, they caused considerable changes in plant species composition leading in most cases to the reduction of species richness due to a lower capability of indigenous plants to compete with more productive pasture species. Furthermore these practices caused changes in soil and biomass chemical properties and shifts of soil microbial communities, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the responses of plant and mycorrhizal community and soil chemical properties in grassland ecosystems to long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. Results of this work indicate that agricultural management practices aimed at maximization of hay production may, in the long run, significantly increased hay yield, reduce plant species richness, promote grasses but suppress herbs, legumes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil although the response to phosphorus varied among different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal taxa. Long-term fertilization also significantly changed soil chemical properties and considerably reduced belowground carbon storage.

This paper deals with the analysis of long-term temperature changes in Europe in the period 1957-2002 with an emphasis on the evaluation of the differences in values of temperature trends among selected data sources. One of the objectives of this paper is to analyze the spatial distribution of warming in Europe in individual seasons and to attempt to discuss the causes of different warming rates in different areas. Another aim of this thesis is to show, describe and justify differences in temperature trends between three different data sources: the ECA&D station database, the E-OBS interpolation network data set and the ERA-40 reanalysis. Despite the slight differences in the minimum and maximum temperature trends, the long-term mean surface air temperature change is mainly described. In the first part of the thesis we summarize the scientific literature dealing not only with warming in Europe but also the suitability of individual types of data sources for estimating the temperature trends. Most scientific articles at European level describe a long-term temperature change based on only one data source and do not analyze differences in temperature trends between databases. This diploma thesis should bring new or more detailed knowledge of these differences together with their justification. For...

The aim of the master thesis was based on the data of the selected climatological stations to evaluate the occurrence of precipitation days in terms of their frequency and amount of rainfall for the period of fifty years (1961-2010). Literature search was carried out for studies dealing with long-term incidence of rainfall in the territory of the Czech Republic focusing on the Southern Moravia. The hypothesis, in the context of the increasing variability and climate change, was tested about the increasing number of precipitation days with lower sums (3, 5, 10 and 15 mm) for April, May and June, which are the most important months for intensive plant growth and increase in biomass. The results indicate that the change in the number of precipitation days depends on the months and has a local character. Furthermore, were tested on the selected locality without a rainfall period, here has been shown that the number of non-rainfall period increase over 15 days.

Cílem práce je nastínit možný postup predikce vývoje budoucí hodnoty konkrétní firmy. Teoretická část představuje metody analýzy firemní výkonnosti, postup sestavení dlouhodobého finančního plánu a metodu stanovení hodnoty firmy na základě prognózovaných volných peněžních toků. Praktická část aplikuje metody vyložené v teoretické části na realitu firmy. Je provedena finanční analýza společnosti a podle jejích výsledků navržen dlouhodobý finanční plán. Poté je stanovena budoucí hodnota firmy podle plánu prostřednictvím predikovaných volných peněžních toků (free cash flow). Na závěr je cílová situace srovnána s výchozí situací a na základě tohoto srovnání je zhodnocena úspěšnost navrženého plánu.