Cette thèse doctorale est encadrée par le projet TIES, “The Integration of the European Second Generation” qui a pour objectif d’étudier comparativement différents aspects de l’intégration des jeunes enfants d’immigrés procédant de la Turquie, de l’ex Yougoslavie et du Maroc. Le noyau du projet est une enquête à indicateurs multiples qui a été appliquée sur des descendants et des non descendants d’immigrés internationaux. Le terme “deuxième génération” recouvre des personnes ayant entre 18 et 35 ans avec, au moins, un parent immigré, et nées dans le pays d’immigration de leurs géniteurs. L’enquête a été appliquée dans 15 villes de huit pays européens. Dans chaque ville on a enquêté 250 descendants d’un ou de plusieurs groupes d’immigrés et 250 descendants de non immigrés. Le questionnaire organisé en modules, embrasse un grand éventail de sujets. En Espagne ont participé 1000 personnes au total: 500 descendants et 500 non descendants d’immigrés marocains et le travail de terrain a été complété entre les mois de janvier et décembre 2008. Etant donné que l’Espagne ne possède ni statistiques officielles ni études précédentes d’envergure sur les enfants adultes d’immigrés nés dans le pays, l’échantillon TIES constitue une importante source de connaissance de ce groupe d’habitants.L’Institut Universitaire d’Études sur les Migrations (Madrid, Espagne), responsable de la mise en place de l’enquête TIES en Espagne, est par ailleurs l’institution d’accueil pour la réalisation de cette thèse doctorale. Ceci grâce au fait que le projet TIES était associé au Marie Curie Research Training Network (TIES-RTN), d’une durée de trois ans. La thèse est inscrite en accord de cotutelle entre l’Université de Paris Ouest-La Défense (ancienne Paris X-Nanterre, France) et l’Université de Buenos Aires (Argentine). Elle est dirigée respectivement par les Docteurs Maria Eugenia Zavala de Cosio et Susana Novick. Le diplôme décerné est celui de Docteur en Démographie et Sociologie. / This thesis is in line with the European comparative research project named TIES -The Integration of the European Second Generation, about the integration of young adult children of immigrants from Turkey, former Yugoslavia and Morocco. We analyse data from the Spanish TIES survey which was conducted in Barcelona and Madrid in 2008 and applied to 500 Children of Moroccan Immigrants (CMI) and 500 members of the comparison group of national origin. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether the labour market factors that make the immigrants vulnerable are replicated in the next generation, or otherwise the integration of the “second generation” is taking place in similar conditions to those of most Spaniards. Social capital and ethnic discrimination are incorporated into the analysis as intervening variables. The CMI “inherit” from their parents a social origin linked to the lower class, and their membership of a strongly stigmatized minority group. At the same time, these young people have, in principle, some crucial resources that should enable them to reach a better social status than their parents’ one: educative paths and the rights of citizenship equal to most of their Spanish peers. Our results show that the CMI share with the majority group similar labour market statuses. However, the CMI go through a labour market transition that will probably reduce their future opportunities for upward mobility. We carried out some multivariate analyses that added explanatory power with regard to the importance of the immigrant origin on labour market integration. The labour market penalizes the younger workers without work experience, regardless of their skills and migration background. The use of social capital to get a job is associated with lower skilled occupations and early ethnic networks. Moreover, these personal contacts do not guarantee to reach advantageous positions in the labour market. Barcelona appears to be a more hostile context towards some minority groups to which the CMI may feel to belong. Nevertheless, the respondents in Barcelona do support the anti-discrimination policies. In short, the formation of ethnic minorities resulting from the international migration is a phenomenon “under construction” in Spain. In that context, the children of immigrants may play a major role in the social construction of ethnicity, as far as they begin to occupy specific positions in the labour market stratification. This may nourish, for instance, the hypothesis of the “new ethnic proletariat” growth. Spain faces the challenge to move over from the “immigration” rhetoric to a new rhetoric based on the “ethnic groups”. In any case, it seems obvious that insisting on the idea of the immigration as being a social problem is an obstinate risk. This might attach the new “second generations” to a stereotype and to a social position which merely reduce the life opportunities they deserve. The case studied here is exemplary in the Spanish context, since it can provide with useful knowledge tools vis-à-vis the history of the more recent groups of immigrants arrived from diverse origins and their descendants.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:theses.fr/2011PA100038 |
| Date | 26 April 2011 |
| Creators | Bassarsky, Lina |
| Contributors | Paris 10, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cosío-Zavala, María-Eugenia, Novick, Susana |
| Source Sets | Dépôt national des thèses électroniques françaises |
| Language | Spanish, French |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, Text |
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