来自贫困家庭的青少年的成长日益受到关注，然而现有应对措施往往以资金援助、慰问探访为主。随着中国内地社会工作服务的发展，政府和公众对其应用于服务该群体有了更多期待。本研究尝试为相关服务提供实证依据。 / 受社会资本理论的启发，本研究试图探索嵌入于家庭、学校、朋辈和社区关系网络的社会资本对青少年社会心理发展的影响；结合自我效能感和抗逆力理论，亦试图探索主体性因素对外界社会资本的调动作用；比较贫困组与非贫困组在相关机制中存在的差异，建构一套在中国社会和文化情境下适用的理论模型，探索未来服务的方向。本研究以社会调查的方法，从中山市22所高中选取了1,627名学生参与研究，包括贫困组学生571人，非贫困组1056人。本研究尝试回答四个研究问题：第一，来自贫困家庭的青少年与来自非贫困家庭的青少年在社会心理发展、社会资本及自我效能感和抗逆力方面是否存在差异？第二，不同维度的社会资本对社会心理发展有怎样的影响？第三，自我效能感和抗逆力是否能在社会资本和社会心理发展之间发挥中介效应？第四，贫困组与非贫困组的青少年在社会资本、主体性对社会心理发展的影响机制上是否存在差异？ / 通过t检定发现，相较于非贫困组，贫困组有较好的亲社会行为和学业成就表现，而在精神健康和社交能力方面不存在显著的差异；贫困组在学校社会资本、朋辈社会资本和社区社会资本方面有较高的水平，而在家庭社会资本方面不存在显著的差异；贫困组相较而言有较高的抗逆力水平。 / 结构方程模型的结果支持了家庭社会资本、学校社会资本和朋辈社会资本对青少年的社会心理发展存在直接的正向影响的假设，同时，不同的社会资本亦可以通过自我效能感和抗逆力对青少年的社会心理发展产生间接的影响。然而，本研究亦发现社区社会资本对精神健康和社交能力的直接影响是负向的。 / 多群组结构方程模型的结果指出，贫困组与非贫困组在社会资本、主体性因素对社会心理发展的影响大致相同，但在部分路径上存在显著差异。这亦体现出在服务项目设计时需要留意到的贫困组与非贫困组之间在相关机制上存在的差异。本研究亦展现了社会资本的互惠性。此外，研究发现亦反映出社会资本的规范和制裁功能可能对被标签的群体的主体性因素提升带来限制。 / 本研究整合了社会资本理论、自我效能感理论和抗逆力理论，探索了社会资本、自我效能感和抗逆力对贫困家庭的青少年的社会心理发展的影响。在中国内地本土化的尝试以及对来自贫困家庭的青少年的关注亦拓展了现有理论的适用性。本研究对实务的启发在于，提出可以透过投入社会资本，提升自我效能感及抗逆力，进而有效地促进青少年的成长与发展。研究者亦对现有的对经济弱势群体的刻板印象提出了质疑，同时对社会资本的双重效应以及社会福利传递过程可能产生的"污名"效应提出了反思。 / There has been an increasing concern on the development of adolescents form economically disadvantaged families. However, the policy and service for this group of young people remain in the forms of financial assistance and home visit. With the development of social work service in mainland China, the government and public have more expectation on its implementation for serving this group. This research provided empirical evidence for related service. / Based on social capital theory, this study explored the influences of social capital embedded in the networks of family, school, peers, and community. It also integrated the self-efficacy theory and resilience theory into the theoretical framework to examine the role of personal agency in mobilizing various forms social capital. Moreover, by comparing the differences between the poor and the non-poor group, the study established a theoretical model of how social capital and personal agency jointly affected adolescents’ psychosocial development in a Chinese context. It thereby potentially informs future professional services. This study adopted the quantitative method with social survey, and drew a sample of 1,627 students from 22 senior high schools, with 571 students forming the poor group and the other 1056 students forming the non-poor group. The study tried to address four research questions: 1) Are there any significant differences between the poor and non-poor groups in terms of psychosocial development, social capital, self-efficacy and resilience? 2) How do different forms of social capital influence adolescents’ psychosocial development? 3) What are the mechanism by which self-efficacy and resilience mediate the effects of social capital on adolescents’ psychosocial development? 4) Are there any significant differences on the mechanisms between these two groups? / Results of t-tests indicated that the students from economically disadvantaged families had better performance in pro-social behavior and academic achievement, while there were no significant differences in terms of mental health and social competence. This group of students also exhibited higher possessions of school social capital, peer social capital, and community social capital, while with no significant difference in access to family social capital. Moreover, they showed a higher level of resilience. / Results of structural equation modeling analysis supported the hypotheses that family social capital, school social capital, and peer social capital had direct positive effects on adolescents’ psychosocial development. Furthermore, different forms of social capital could influence the outcomes of psychosocial development indirectly through individuals’ self-efficacy and resilience. However, community social capital showed a negative direct effect on mental health and social competence. / Results of the multi-group structural equation modeling suggested that the effects of social capital and personal agency on adolescents’ psychosocial development were mostly similar between the poor and non-poor groups, except for a few paths. It implied the particular importance on differentiating the effects of various forms of social capital and personal agency factors on psychosocial development and when designing assistance programs for adolescents from low-income families. It also suggested the reciprocity of social capital. In addition, it further highlighted that the norms and effective sanctions of social capital might produce disempowerment on personal agency to the groups labeled as disadvantaged ones in the society. / Integrating social capital theory, self-efficacy theory, and resilience theory, this research has explored the influences of social capital, self-efficiency and resilience on psychosocial development of adolescents from economically disadvantaged families. It advanced the application of social capital theory in understanding youth development in the Chinese socio-cultural. It also proposed an effective way to promote adolescents’ optimal development through investing social capital and improving their self-efficacy and resilience. This study challenged the existing stereotypes of adolescents from economically disadvantaged families. Moreover, it gave a further thought on on the positive contribution and potential downside of social capital and the stigmatization in social welfare provision process. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 劉頴. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 292-317). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Liu Ying.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_1202922 |
| Date | January 2015 |
| Contributors | 劉頴 (author.), Ngai, Sek-yum Steven (thesis advisor.), Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Social Work. (degree granting institution.), Liu, Ying (author.) |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | Chinese, English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography, text |
| Format | electronic resource, electronic resource, remote, 1 online resource (344 leaves) : illustrations, computer, online resource |
| Coverage | 中国, 中山市, 中国, 中山市, China, China, Zhongshan Shi, China, Zhongshan Shi |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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