Peta McAuley. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-69). / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Social stigma on public housing is a deep-rooted and unsolvable problem, places with large-scale public housing are perceived as concentration of unemployment and crimes in which outsiders are reluctant to visit those ghettos. Some empirical researches endeavored to argue social stigma on public housing can be abated by diversifying the tenure type, while UK government is a typical example in implementing mix tenure policy. However, the situation of Hong Kong seems different, social stigma on public housing is less apparent than western countries while living in public housing is sometimes perceived as fortunate due to low rent cost and good quality. In Hong Kong, government has not adopted any mix tenure policy whereas mix tenure of public housing, mix of renters and owners, is an unintended consequence of Tenant Purchase Scheme (TPS). In order to understand why social stigma seems less apparent in Hong Kong, this research is going to examine, first, the situation of social stigma on public housing in particular to Lam Tin district where a place with high density of public housing and mix tenure, second, if mix-tenure can alleviate social stigma on public housing in Hong Kong in which the research area will be focus on the aspects of unemployment and security because public housing is perceived as concentration of unemployment and crimes. In regard to the above research question, two sets of questionnaires were conducted to both residents living in TPS estates and private estates in order to understand their different perceptions on the unemployment and security of public housing, and thereby the survey result will be compared with the actual statistics from governmental bodies. Generally speaking, the survey analysis indicated that both sides of resident have apparent social stigma on the security of public housing while unemployment is less seen. What is more, it is interesting that the survey findings are different from the actual situation. Although residents believed that the crime rate is higher in public housing than private housing, there is neither positive nor negative relation between the variables of high density of public housing and crime rates. Social stigma on security was apparently seen from the survey in which majority of respondents agreed with high crime rate in public housing, yet Hong Kong government is not intended to solve the problem as what UK government did because of its historical political philosophy and financial constraints. For instance, Hong Kong government is reluctant to restrict the private developers through mix tenure policy since it would affect the historical philosophy of free economy for Hong Kong. Second, governors are accountable to explain how the public money was spent, and hence government is sensitive on spending large amount of public money to improve the security service and system. In view of the political and financial considerations, it is believed that tackling social stigma on public housing would put at lower priority in government's agenda. Last but not least, since the survey data is only collected in Lam Tin due to time and cost limits, the findings are not extensive and could not apply to all districts of Hong Kong especially for those areas without mix-tenure. In this regard, to have a further analysis on social stigma of Hong Kong public housing, author suggested widening the data collection to conduct a more comprehensive survey. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

来自贫困家庭的青少年的成长日益受到关注，然而现有应对措施往往以资金援助、慰问探访为主。随着中国内地社会工作服务的发展，政府和公众对其应用于服务该群体有了更多期待。本研究尝试为相关服务提供实证依据。 / 受社会资本理论的启发，本研究试图探索嵌入于家庭、学校、朋辈和社区关系网络的社会资本对青少年社会心理发展的影响；结合自我效能感和抗逆力理论，亦试图探索主体性因素对外界社会资本的调动作用；比较贫困组与非贫困组在相关机制中存在的差异，建构一套在中国社会和文化情境下适用的理论模型，探索未来服务的方向。本研究以社会调查的方法，从中山市22所高中选取了1,627名学生参与研究，包括贫困组学生571人，非贫困组1056人。本研究尝试回答四个研究问题：第一，来自贫困家庭的青少年与来自非贫困家庭的青少年在社会心理发展、社会资本及自我效能感和抗逆力方面是否存在差异？第二，不同维度的社会资本对社会心理发展有怎样的影响？第三，自我效能感和抗逆力是否能在社会资本和社会心理发展之间发挥中介效应？第四，贫困组与非贫困组的青少年在社会资本、主体性对社会心理发展的影响机制上是否存在差异？ / 通过t检定发现，相较于非贫困组，贫困组有较好的亲社会行为和学业成就表现，而在精神健康和社交能力方面不存在显著的差异；贫困组在学校社会资本、朋辈社会资本和社区社会资本方面有较高的水平，而在家庭社会资本方面不存在显著的差异；贫困组相较而言有较高的抗逆力水平。 / 结构方程模型的结果支持了家庭社会资本、学校社会资本和朋辈社会资本对青少年的社会心理发展存在直接的正向影响的假设，同时，不同的社会资本亦可以通过自我效能感和抗逆力对青少年的社会心理发展产生间接的影响。然而，本研究亦发现社区社会资本对精神健康和社交能力的直接影响是负向的。 / 多群组结构方程模型的结果指出，贫困组与非贫困组在社会资本、主体性因素对社会心理发展的影响大致相同，但在部分路径上存在显著差异。这亦体现出在服务项目设计时需要留意到的贫困组与非贫困组之间在相关机制上存在的差异。本研究亦展现了社会资本的互惠性。此外，研究发现亦反映出社会资本的规范和制裁功能可能对被标签的群体的主体性因素提升带来限制。 / 本研究整合了社会资本理论、自我效能感理论和抗逆力理论，探索了社会资本、自我效能感和抗逆力对贫困家庭的青少年的社会心理发展的影响。在中国内地本土化的尝试以及对来自贫困家庭的青少年的关注亦拓展了现有理论的适用性。本研究对实务的启发在于，提出可以透过投入社会资本，提升自我效能感及抗逆力，进而有效地促进青少年的成长与发展。研究者亦对现有的对经济弱势群体的刻板印象提出了质疑，同时对社会资本的双重效应以及社会福利传递过程可能产生的"污名"效应提出了反思。 / There has been an increasing concern on the development of adolescents form economically disadvantaged families. However, the policy and service for this group of young people remain in the forms of financial assistance and home visit. With the development of social work service in mainland China, the government and public have more expectation on its implementation for serving this group. This research provided empirical evidence for related service. / Based on social capital theory, this study explored the influences of social capital embedded in the networks of family, school, peers, and community. It also integrated the self-efficacy theory and resilience theory into the theoretical framework to examine the role of personal agency in mobilizing various forms social capital. Moreover, by comparing the differences between the poor and the non-poor group, the study established a theoretical model of how social capital and personal agency jointly affected adolescents’ psychosocial development in a Chinese context. It thereby potentially informs future professional services. This study adopted the quantitative method with social survey, and drew a sample of 1,627 students from 22 senior high schools, with 571 students forming the poor group and the other 1056 students forming the non-poor group. The study tried to address four research questions: 1) Are there any significant differences between the poor and non-poor groups in terms of psychosocial development, social capital, self-efficacy and resilience? 2) How do different forms of social capital influence adolescents’ psychosocial development? 3) What are the mechanism by which self-efficacy and resilience mediate the effects of social capital on adolescents’ psychosocial development? 4) Are there any significant differences on the mechanisms between these two groups? / Results of t-tests indicated that the students from economically disadvantaged families had better performance in pro-social behavior and academic achievement, while there were no significant differences in terms of mental health and social competence. This group of students also exhibited higher possessions of school social capital, peer social capital, and community social capital, while with no significant difference in access to family social capital. Moreover, they showed a higher level of resilience. / Results of structural equation modeling analysis supported the hypotheses that family social capital, school social capital, and peer social capital had direct positive effects on adolescents’ psychosocial development. Furthermore, different forms of social capital could influence the outcomes of psychosocial development indirectly through individuals’ self-efficacy and resilience. However, community social capital showed a negative direct effect on mental health and social competence. / Results of the multi-group structural equation modeling suggested that the effects of social capital and personal agency on adolescents’ psychosocial development were mostly similar between the poor and non-poor groups, except for a few paths. It implied the particular importance on differentiating the effects of various forms of social capital and personal agency factors on psychosocial development and when designing assistance programs for adolescents from low-income families. It also suggested the reciprocity of social capital. In addition, it further highlighted that the norms and effective sanctions of social capital might produce disempowerment on personal agency to the groups labeled as disadvantaged ones in the society. / Integrating social capital theory, self-efficacy theory, and resilience theory, this research has explored the influences of social capital, self-efficiency and resilience on psychosocial development of adolescents from economically disadvantaged families. It advanced the application of social capital theory in understanding youth development in the Chinese socio-cultural. It also proposed an effective way to promote adolescents’ optimal development through investing social capital and improving their self-efficacy and resilience. This study challenged the existing stereotypes of adolescents from economically disadvantaged families. Moreover, it gave a further thought on on the positive contribution and potential downside of social capital and the stigmatization in social welfare provision process. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 劉頴. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 292-317). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Liu Ying.

by Kong Suet-Ming, Yu Wang-Pui, Kevin. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-66). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.viii / Chapter / Chapter I --- WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT --- p.1 / Increasing Significance of Women in the Workplace --- p.1 / Increasing Importance of Women in Management --- p.2 / "The ""Glass Ceiling"" for Managerial Women" --- p.3 / International Scenario of Women in Management --- p.4 / The Case of Hong Kong --- p.6 / Objective of the Study --- p.7 / Chapter II --- ADVANTAGES OF HAVING MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL WOMEN --- p.8 / Locating the Best People at the Top --- p.8 / Minimizing the Costs of Not Recognizing the Importance of Women --- p.9 / Promoting Harmony in the Workplace --- p.9 / Enhancing the Morale of the Workforce --- p.10 / Providing a Diversity of Leadership Styles --- p.10 / Chapter III --- PROBLEMS FACING WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT --- p.11 / Perspective 1: Individual-level Differences between Women and Men --- p.11 / Men as the Norm --- p.11 / The Unplanned Nature of Many Women's Careers --- p.12 / Perspective 2: Organizational Context --- p.12 / Discrimination Against Women --- p.13 / Paying Lip Service --- p.13 / Constant Performance in Proving Themselves --- p.14 / Perspective 3: Institutionalized Discrimination --- p.15 / Women's Work --- p.15 / Stereotypes About Women --- p.15 / Over-Protection --- p.16 / Gender Blindness --- p.17 / Sexual Harassment and the Fear of it Happening --- p.18 / Perspective 4: Power's Influence in the Organization --- p.18 / The Sponsorship System --- p.18 / The Lack of Role Models and Peers --- p.19 / Exclusion from Informal Relationship Networks --- p.19 / Chapter IV --- STEREOTYPING --- p.20 / Sex-Role Stereotyping of Managerial Women --- p.22 / Three Types of Stereotyping --- p.23 / Autostereotyping --- p.24 / Heterostereotyping --- p.24 / Metastereotyping --- p.25 / Chapter V --- METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH --- p.26 / Research Objectives --- p.26 / The Questionnaire --- p.27 / The Sample --- p.28 / The Analysis --- p.30 / Chapter VI --- RESULTS AND FINDINGS --- p.31 / "Factor Compositions of Auto stereotype of women, Heterostereotype of Men by Women, and Metastereotype of Women" --- p.32 / Autostereotype of Women Vs Heterostereotype of Men Among Women College Student --- p.33 / Autostereotype Vs Metastereotype of Women Among Women College Student --- p.33 / Autostereotype of Women Vs Heterostereotype of Men Among Working Women --- p.34 / Autostereotype Vs Metastereotype of Women Among Working Women --- p.35 / Discussion and Elaboration --- p.35 / Comparing the Results from Working Women and Women College Students --- p.38 / Chapter VII --- LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH --- p.39 / Research Biases --- p.39 / Suggestions for Future Research --- p.40 / Chapter VIII --- DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.41 / Masculinity as the Norm in Business World --- p.41 / Being Assertive --- p.42 / Communicating Your Goals --- p.43 / Being Visible and Letting your Accomplishments Known --- p.43 / Dressing Appropriately to Project a Professional Image --- p.44 / Blending of Masculinity and Femininity --- p.44 / Androgynous Approach to Management --- p.45 / Taking Advantage of the Feminine Characteristics --- p.46 / Complementing the Professional Image with Appropriate Accessories --- p.46 / Overcoming the Perspective of Power's Influence in the Organization --- p.47 / Penetrating Old Boys' Network --- p.47 / Finding a Mentor --- p.48 / Equity versus Complementary Contribution Approach to Women in Management --- p.49 / "The ""Melting Pot""" --- p.49 / "The “Salad Bowl""" --- p.49 / Managing Diversity in the Workplace --- p.50 / Chapter IX --- CONCLUSION --- p.51 / APPENDICES / Chapter 1 --- SAMPLE OF SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE --- p.53 / Chapter 2 --- FACTOR COMPOSITION FOR AUTO STEREOTYPE OF WOMEN --- p.57 / Chapter 3 --- FACTOR COMPOSITION OF HETEROSTEREOTYPE OF MEN MANAGERS AMONG WOMEN --- p.58 / Chapter 4 --- FACTOR COMPOSITION FOR METASTEREOTYPE OF WOMEN --- p.59 / Chapter 5 --- T-TEST STATISTICS COMPARING MEAN SCORES FOR AUTOSTEREOTYPE OF WOMEN STUDENTS & HETERO STEREOTYPE OF MEN MANAGERS BY WOMEN STUDENTS --- p.60 / Chapter 6 --- T-TEST STATISTICS COMPARING MEAN SCORES FOR AUTOSTEREOTYPE OF WOMEN STUDENTS & METASTEREOTYPE OF WOMEN STUDENTS --- p.61 / Chapter 7 --- T-TEST STATISTICS COMPARING MEAN SCORES FOR AUTOSTEREOTYPE OF WOMEN WORKERS & HETERO STEREOTYPE OF MEN MANAGERS BY WOMEN WORKERS --- p.62 / Chapter 8 --- T-TEST STATISTICS COMPARING MEAN SCORES FOR AUTOSTEREOTYPE OF WOMEN WORKERS & METASTEREOTYPE OF WOMEN WORKERS --- p.63 / Chapter 9 --- NANCY ADLER'S TWO APPROACHES TO WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT --- p.64 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.65

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

Li Shuk-wan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-203). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / 摘要 --- p.II / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.III / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Statement of Goals --- p.1 / The Feminization of The Occupation --- p.4 / Setting： The Development of Gender Rights in Hong Kong --- p.10 / Literature Review --- p.11 / Methodology --- p.20 / Field Observation --- p.23 / About Skyhawk Air --- p.24 / Questionnaires with the General Public --- p.25 / Media Data --- p.25 / Field and Thesis Languages --- p.26 / Ethical Issues --- p.26 / Outline of Thesis --- p.27 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- "NEGOTIATING ""HUNGJE"" STEREOTYPES IN PUBLIC DISCOURSE" --- p.30 / "Discourse, Ideologies, and the Normalized Public" --- p.30 / Images of Hungje in the Media： The Public/Private Dichotomy --- p.33 / Kind and Caring Mothers --- p.35 / Friendly Neighbors --- p.37 / Agents of Smile --- p.38 / Beauty Icon --- p.41 / Sex Icon --- p.44 / Stereotypical Images of Hungje in Public Discourse --- p.47 / FAs' Responses to Stereotypical Images in Public Discourse --- p.49 / """Hungje and the Public/Private Dichotomy" --- p.50 / """I am a Flight Attendant"" and ""I Work in the Airline Industry """ --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- RECRUITING THE RELEVANT BODY --- p.62 / Experiences of Recruitment --- p.62 / """To See and To Be Seen""" --- p.66 / Phoenix Air Recruitment --- p.68 / The Face --- p.68 / "A ""“Pro ´ح Dress Code" --- p.70 / The Arm-Reach --- p.71 / "The ""Official"" FA Image" --- p.72 / Tiger Air Recruitment --- p.73 / The Arm-Reach --- p.73 / The Standing Posture --- p.73 / The FA Image --- p.74 / The Sitting Posture --- p.75 / "The ""Official"" FA Image" --- p.76 / The Skin --- p.77 / The Hairstyle --- p.78 / Body Gestures --- p.79 / Pre-Employment Briefing --- p.81 / Conclusion --- p.82 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- CREATING AN APPROPRIATE MARKETABLE IMAGE --- p.84 / The Training Course --- p.85 / Image Management at Work --- p.87 / Behavioral Management --- p.88 / Emotional Management --- p.91 / "Teaching the Essence of ""“Heart""" --- p.92 / Quality Control on Workers' Smiles --- p.95 / Smile War: Keeping Smiles in Difficult Times --- p.97 / Body Image Management --- p.103 / Practicing Sexually-Dichotomized Gender Images --- p.104 / Interacting with the Make-up and Dress Codes --- p.111 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- BODY IN SERVICE: INTERACTING WITH CO-WORKERS --- p.123 / Ethnography of FAs' Work Life --- p.123 / Going to Work and Meeting the Public --- p.124 / Pre-Flight Work --- p.126 / Pseudo-Kin System --- p.127 / Pre-Flight Briefing --- p.129 / Leaving for the Ramp and Ground Preparation --- p.130 / Welcome On Board --- p.131 / Rush Hours --- p.132 / Body Contact in the Galley --- p.132 / Other In-Flight Work and FAs' Rest Time --- p.133 / Landing --- p.134 / Interacting with Co-workers --- p.134 / Expected Gender Roles --- p.135 / Embodying the Socialized Gender Responsibilities --- p.144 / Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- EMBODYING GENDER AND ETHNICITY: INTERACTING WITH PASSENGERS --- p.149 / Teaching the Relationship with Passengers --- p.149 / Maintaining a Physical Distance from Passengers --- p.151 / In-Flight Violence --- p.153 / Sexual Harassment --- p.159 / Verbal Harassment --- p.160 / Optical Harassment --- p.160 / Physical Harassment --- p.161 / In-Flight Courtship --- p.164 / Chapter CHAPTER 7. --- CONCLUSION --- p.172 / between work and family： individuality vs. motherhood --- p.176 / "Changing Attitude Towards The Conventional ""“Mother"" Role " --- p.180 / "The ""Traditional"" Gender Concepts " --- p.182 / "Gender Politics Between ""Traditional"" and ""New"" Concepts " --- p.186 / The Future of Gender Relations in Hong Kong --- p.189 / APPENDIX 1. INTERVIEW PROTOCOL FOR FLIGHT ATTENDANTS --- p.191 / APPENDIX 2. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE HONG KONG CHINESE PUBLIC --- p.194 / APPENDIX 3. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE HONG KONG CHINESE PUBLIC (ENGLISH TRANSLATION) --- p.195 / REFERENCE CITED --- p.196

Ho, Wing-yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-82). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Ho, Wing-yee. / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgments --- p.iv / List of Table --- p.viii / List of Figure --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background information --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of the study --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Definition of terms --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Delimitations --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Limitations --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Significance of the study --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- Review of Literature --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- Global self-esteem --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Theoretical background --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Self-esteem in children --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Self-esteem and sports --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Self-esteem and academic achievement --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Self-esteem and gender --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Attributional style --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Theoretical background --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Attributional style and academic level --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Attributional style and sports --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Attribution and self-esteem --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.31 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- Method --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Participants --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- Instrumentation --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- In assessing global self-esteem --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- In assessing general attributional style --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- In assessing perceived sports competence --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- In assessing sports specific attributional style --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3 --- Procedures --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.38 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- Results --- p.40 / Chapter 4.1 --- Descriptive statistics --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2 --- Reliability for internal consistency --- p.41 / Chapter 4.3 --- The effect of gender and age on global self-esteem and attributions --- p.43 / Chapter 4.4 --- The effect of school banding and perceived sports competence on global self-esteem by gender --- p.45 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- The relationship between academic achievement and global self-esteem by gender --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- The relationship between perceived sports competence and global self-esteem by gender --- p.47 / Chapter 4.5 --- The effect of school banding and perceived sports competence on general attributions --- p.48 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- The relationship between academic achievement and general attributions --- p.48 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- The relationship between perceived sports competence and general attributions --- p.49 / Chapter 4.6 --- The effect of school banding and perceived sports competence on sports specific attributions by high school level --- p.50 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- The relationship between academic achievement and sports specific attributions in junior high schools --- p.51 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- Discussion --- p.53 / Chapter 5.1 --- The effect of gender and age on global self-esteem and attributions --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2 --- The effect of school banding and perceived sports competence on global self-esteem by gender --- p.56 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- The relationship between academic achievement and global self-esteem in high schools' female athletes --- p.57 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- The relationship between perceived sports competence and global self-esteem in high schools' athletes --- p.58 / Chapter 5.3 --- The relationship between school banding and general attributionsin high schools' athletes --- p.59 / Chapter 5.4 --- The relationship between perceived sports competence and general attributions in high schools' athletes --- p.63 / Chapter 5.5 --- The relationship between academic achievement and sports specific attributions in junior high schools' athletes --- p.65 / Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusion and Recommendations --- p.67 / References --- p.70 / Appendix A --- p.83 / Appendix B --- p.85 / Appendix C --- p.86 / Appendix D --- p.87 / Appendix E --- p.91 / Appendix F --- p.102 / Appendix G --- p.103 / Appendix H --- p.104 / Appendix I --- p.108

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

近年来，针对就业和就学中遭遇歧视的困境，中国乙肝携带者发起一场要求消除歧视、维护合法权益的抗争运动。为什么乙肝携带者就业歧视问题在中国如此显著？面对国家和市场这两大最具权势的系统，公民社会将何以对抗？本文旨在从社会学的视角对这场“将‘乙肝’去除"的运动进行解读。 / 本文采用个案研究方法，以北京益仁平中心为主要研究对象，围绕 “乙肝"在中国的建构和重构过程，将研究聚焦于三个方面：第一，乙肝污名化过程以及国家、市场中的话语权；第二，反乙肝歧视维权运动的条件和动员机制；第三，“将‘乙肝’去除"中的政治和权力话语三角。 / 本文从社会运动理论中的资源动员、政治机会结构和框架理论出发解读中国乙肝携带者的维权运动；将运动中的微观景象与宏观社会结构结合起来，考察影响乙肝携带者维权运动的主要因素以及运动的动员机制。研究伊始分别从国家和市场两个领域审视乙肝歧视问题在中国的建构过程，阐明乙肝污名化是政府权威以及市场中医药商和医学权威共谋下的合力作用，从而为乙肝携带者反歧视抗争运动的后续研究选择一个合适的立足点。笔者在案例中发现，组织在维权运动中将乙肝携带者群体动员起来，采取有效的策略，充分利用其在资源获得方面的优势、建立乙肝维权组织网络、善于把握时机营造政治机会空间、并能够吸纳律师和媒体的专业力量是维权行动能取得成功的重要因素。 / 组织在维权行动中的话语框架对运动的发展至关重要。乙肝携带者群体对组织运动框架的认同是动员成功的基础；掌握定义“乙肝"的主动权、运动领袖的可信性、框架话语表达的日常化、与媒体的良好关系等策略有助于框架在动员中与参与者、旁观者产生共鸣；抗争精英通过话语框架为抗争活动提供合法性。 / 反乙肝歧视维权运动可以看作是一个“将‘乙肝’去除"的“去污名化"运动。一方面，中央政府与地方政府有着各自自主性利益；另一方面，乙肝携带者群体内部就抗争形式也难以统一，这两种分裂情况交叉形成了一个围绕“将‘乙肝’去除"的，以规则、效益和权利为话语的权力三角，支撑反歧视行动的抗争空间。权力三角的多变性决定去除“乙肝"的行动是有策略的、冒险的，但却相对稳定。 / Hepatitis B Virus carriers (HBVers) have launched series social movements targeting at eliminating discriminations against HBVers in job market and promoting fair employment in recent decade of years. Why does nowhere match the HBV discrimination in such country like China? How is contentious politics possible when the powerless engage in struggles with power holders, like state and market in China? The thesis attempts to learn the intricacies of body politics with sociological approaches. / Yirenping, a NGO located in Beijing, is selected as research object in this case study. Concentrating on the political nature of the HBV confrontations, this thesis is comprised of three parts: first, the stigmatization of HBV in China; second, tactics and strategies that employed against the system of discrimination; third, the politics of “Removing HBV" and the power triangle among state, market and civil society. / The analysis of the HBV movement is informed by three sociological theories of social movements: resource mobilization, political opportunity structure and framing, meanwhile macro structure and micro interaction are combined. It is postulated that this disease discrimination in China occurs when confronting an entrenched stigmatization conjoined from both state and market dedicated to keeping the HBVers excluded and marginalized, which serves as a departure point for further analysis of the struggles for power against this discrimination. Resources mobilized, leaderships and organizations, networks among HBVers and outside supporters, strategies in mobilization positively facilitate the anti-discrimination movements. Utilizing the institutional advocacies as well as informal networks with officials, NPC & CPCCC delegates open more political opportunities within the preexisting political environment. / Framing is essential to the movement mobilization. Identifying closely with the visions and missions in movements, the self conceptualization of HBV-discrimination, charismatic leaders, the everyday narrative of the frame, as well as strategic media coverage help promoting resonance among movement participants and standers-by. Framing strategies provide legitimacy for HBV selves in collective movements. / Finally, the thesis came to the conclusion that anti-discrimination-against-HBVers social movements in China can be interpreted as a process of struggle to “Removing HBV" power. Central government and local ones have their autonomies and interests respectively, while weak but observed divisions in protesting strategies also exist within the HBVers, which shape a triangle of power struggles among the dominant and dominated groups. The power triangle is flexible, and the “Removing HBV" movements are strategic, risk-taking, while being routinized. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 郭娜. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-156) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Guo Nuo. / 中文摘要 --- p.i / 英文摘要 --- p.ii / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 导论 乙肝：作为医学问题和作为社会问题 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1 --- 作为医学问题的乙型肝炎及其全球地理分布 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- 乙型肝炎在中国 --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- 作为社会问题的乙肝歧视 --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- 研究方法 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- 小结 --- p.14 / Chapter 第二章 --- 研究问题与文献回顾 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- 社会运动理论的发展脉络 --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- 认同与社会运动的动员 --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- 中国底层社会与维权抗争研究回顾 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4 --- 中国反乙肝歧视运动的分析框架 --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5 --- 小结 --- p.34 / Chapter 第三章 --- 政府与入职体检 --- p.35 / Chapter 3.1 --- 新中国成立之初的公共卫生政策 --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- 中国人事制度改革和公务员职业声望 --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3 --- 体检标准与强制乙肝检测 --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4 --- 小结 --- p.47 / Chapter 第四章 --- 市场话语权与定义“乙肝" --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1 --- 市场中的虚假广告 --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2 --- 体检经济 --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3 --- 医药商与医学权威 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4 --- 小结 --- p.58 / Chapter 第五章 --- 乙肝携带者的个人经验 --- p.61 / Chapter 5.1 --- 疾病的社会建构 --- p.62 / Chapter 5.2 --- 乙肝携带者的认知过程 --- p.66 / Chapter 5.3 --- 乙肝携带者的抗争选择 --- p.68 / Chapter 5.4 --- 小结 --- p.74 / Chapter 第六章 --- 从个体经验到集体行动：公民社会的回应 --- p.76 / Chapter 6.1 --- 从个人困境到集体行动 --- p.76 / Chapter 6.2 --- 反乙肝歧视运动中的资源动员 --- p.80 / Chapter 6.3 --- 反乙肝歧视组织网络 --- p.82 / Chapter 6.4 --- 反乙肝歧视运动中的机会空间 --- p.86 / Chapter 6.5 --- 小结 --- p.90 / Chapter 第七章 --- 框架策略：反乙肝歧视运动中的动员 --- p.91 / Chapter 7.1 --- 认同与社会运动 --- p.91 / Chapter 7.2 --- 反乙肝歧视运动的行动框架 --- p.95 / Chapter 7.3 --- 反乙肝歧视运动的动员策略 --- p.100 / Chapter 7.4 --- 小结 --- p.107 / Chapter 第八章 --- 身体的政治：将“乙肝"去除 --- p.108 / Chapter 8.1 --- 权力的维度 --- p.108 / Chapter 8.2 --- 反乙肝歧视行动的抗争轨迹 --- p.111 / Chapter 8.3 --- 国家、市场与公民社会：将“乙肝"去除 --- p.116 / Chapter 8.4 --- 小结 --- p.130 / Chapter 第九章 --- 总结与讨论 --- p.131 / 参考文献 --- p.137 / Chapter 附录A --- 访谈提纲 --- p.157 / Chapter 附录B --- 64名被访者基本信息概况 --- p.160 / 致谢 --- p.162