傳統人力資本理論認為，教育投入越多，人力生產力越高，就業機會與薪資報酬也會越高。在此觀念下，各國為了經濟發展所需，紛紛提倡高等教育，並培育出大量高學歷人才，而台灣也不例外。隨著產業不斷發展與轉型，促使勞動力結構轉變，所需之人力就必須由教育面來提供。因此，從1980年代中期以來，政府大量放寬高等教育限制，迄今已培養出許多高學歷人力。然而，在高等教育進入普及化階段後，失業與低度就業問題也隨之而來，造成人力資源浪費等相關議題出現。
本文引用發展經濟學大師Michael P. Todaro於1974年所建立的勞動力市場供需架構，從政府政策以及人力市場的教育供給和產業需求等角度深入探討目前現象，並透過訪談產官學專家的意見，來找出問題之原因。本文研究發現，由於高等教育快速擴張，教育性失業及低度就業問題已逐漸推至碩博士畢業生。究其原因可分成兩大部分：第一，產業界未能有效升級，再加上台灣企業型態多以中小企業為主，無法創造充足職缺。第二，高等教育過度擴張，高學歷人力品質卻無法符合產業需求，進而造成產學失衡現象。因此，要解決上述問題，不僅是教育和產業進行調整，政府也必須改進相關政策來引導兩者媒合，才能讓高階人力資源達到更有效的運用，進而提升台灣整體競爭力。 / Traditional Human Capital Theory believes that highly educated people are more productive and would enjoy more employment opportunities and salaries. Influenced by this theory, many countries have promoted higher education to cultivate domestic talent, and Taiwan is no exception. When the rapid development and ongoing transformation of the industry called for new talents and skills, the government in mid-1980s responded with reformed educational system which would produce much more highly educated human resources. But as higher education becomes common, unemployment and underemployment—the waste of human resources—gradually become a problem that needs to be addressed.
Based on the model developed by Michael P. Todaro in 1974, this paper aims to examine the current situation of labor market in terms of government policy, and labor supply and demand. Many people with master or PhD degree are faced with unemployment or underemployment for two reasons. First of all, the industry doesn’t supply sufficient job opportunities because it doesn’t effectively upgrade. Second, the excessive quantity and declining quality of the graduates does not meet the demand of the market. In order to solve these problems, both education and industry have to adjust the pace of development, and the government needs to bridge the gap by revising the policy involved. In this way, the human resources can be effectively used, and Taiwan would become more competitive.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0099261009 |
| Creators | 邱心怡 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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