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Previous issue date: 2012 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / O manejo das plantas daninhas ? necess?rio nas culturas agr?colas para que se evite a competi??o e perdas na produ??o. O uso de herbicidas ? comum no controle das plantas daninhas, e pode causar impacto negativo ao meio ambiente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas, aplicados nas culturas do milho e do eucalipto, sobre os insetos de controle biol?gico de pragas Podisus nigrispinus Dallas, 1851 (Heteroptera Pentatomidae) e Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Foram realizados tr?s experimentos em laborat?rio. No primeiro, avaliou-se a seletividade dos herbicidas atrazine e nicosulfuron e a mistura destes, e mais o controle (?gua), aplicados em posturas e em diferentes est?dios biol?gicos de P. nigrispinus. A viabilidade dos ovos de P. nigrispinus diminuiu sob a??o dos herbicidas, sem diferirem quanto ao tempo de eclos?o. A sobreviv?ncia de ninfas foi baixa sob a??o dos herbicidas, sendo mais afetada negativamente com a mistura de herbicidas. Para a aplica??o em cada est?dio, observou-se baixa sobreviv?ncia de ninfas do primeiro ao terceiro est?dios com o herbicida atrazine isolado, ou em mistura, e at? o segundo est?dio para o nicosulfuron. Observou-se em todos os demais est?dios do inseto a menor seletividade ? mistura dos herbicidas comparados ao efeito isolado. O segundo experimento avaliou-se a seletividade de herbicidas registrados para a cultura do milho para o inimigo natural P. elaeisis. Os tratamentos foram pupas do hospedeiro alternativo Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pulverizadas com os herbicidas atrazine, nicosulfuron, paraquat e tembotrione, na dose comercial, mais o tratamento controle com ?gua. Pupas de T. molitor foram submergidas em solu??o herbicida e logo ap?s, expostas ao parasitismo por seis f?meas de P. elaeisis. Os herbicidas atrazine e paraquat n?o foram seletivos a P. elaeisis, apresentando elevada toxicidade. J? o herbicida nicosulfuron reduziu a raz?o sexual de P. elaeisis, o que pode comprometer as gera??es subsequentes. O herbicida tembotrione foi seletivo a P. elaeisis apresentando menor risco quando indicado em programas de manejo integrado de insetos. No terceiro experimento avaliou-se a seletividade de herbicidas usados na cultura do eucalipto no parasitoide P. elaeisis. Os tratamentos constaram das doses comerciais dos herbicidas sulfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, glyphosate, glufosinato sal de am?nio e isoxaflutole, al?m do controle, apenas com ?gua. Os herbicidas foram aspergidos em pupas do hospedeiro alternativo T. molitor, as quais foram expostas ao parasitismo por seis f?meas de P. elaeisis. Os herbicidas glufosinato sal de am?nio e oxyfluorfen n?o foram seletivos ?s f?meas de P. elaeisis, e reduziram o parasitismo e a emerg?ncia desse parasitoide. O n?mero de indiv?duos e f?meas produzidas por f?mea foram maiores com isoxaflutole, portanto apresentando menor risco quando utilizado em programas de manejo integrado de pragas na cultura do eucalipto. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT The management of weeds in agricultural crops is necessary to avoid competition and yield losses. Herbicide use is common in weed control, and can negatively impact the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of herbicides applied on corn [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] and eucalyptus [Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae)] on the Podisus nigrispinus Dallas, 1851 (Heteroptera Pentatomidae) and Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Three experiments were conducted in the laboratory. At first, we evaluated the selectivity of the herbicides atrazine and nicosulfuron and mixture, in commercial dosage, applied in different postures and biological stages of P. nigrispinus. The viability of eggs of P. nigrispinus decreased under the action of herbicides, without differences regarding the time of hatching. The survival of nymphs was low in the herbicides being more adversely affected with the herbicide mixture. For the application at each stage there was low survival of nymphs of the first to third stage with the herbicide atrazine, alone or in mixture until the second stage to nicosulfuron. It was observed in all other stages of the insect to lower selectivity compared to the herbicide mixture to the isolated effect. The second chapter assessed the selectivity of herbicides registered for corn for the natural enemy of P. elaeisis. The treatments were pupae of the alternative host Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) sprayed with the herbicide atrazine, nicosulfuron, paraquat and tembotrione in commercial dosage over the control treatment with water. Pupae of T. molitor were overwhelmed with the solution herbicidica and soon after exposed to parasitism by six females of P. elaeisis. The herbicides atrazine and paraquat were not selective to P. elaeisis, with high toxicity. The herbicide nicosulfuron reduced the sex ratio of P. elaeisis, which may affect subsequent generations. The herbicide tembotrione was selective to P. elaeisis and can be displayed in integrated pest management of insects. In the third chapter we evaluated the selectivity of herbicides used in the cultivation of eucalyptus, to the parasitoid, P. elaeisis. The treatments consisted of doses of commercial herbicides sulfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium salt and isoxaflutole, beyond control, with water only. The herbicides were sprayed in pupae of the alternative host T. molitor, which were exposed to six female parasitism by P. elaeisis. The herbicide glufosinate ammonium salt and oxyfluorfen were not selective in females of P. elaeisis, and reduced parasitism and emergence of this parasitoid. The number of individuals and females produced per female were higher with glyphosate and isoxaflutole and can be used in programs of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the culture of eucalyptus.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui:1/568 |
| Date | 11 July 2012 |
| Creators | Menezes, Claubert Wagner Guimar?es de |
| Contributors | Soares, Marcus Alvarenga, Assis J?nior, Sebasti?o Louren?o de, Santos, Jos? Barbosa dos, Leite, Germano Le?o Demolin, Soares, Marcus Alvarenga, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Santos, Jos? Barbosa dos, Assis J?nior, Sebasti?o Louren?o de |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, instname:Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, instacron:UFVJM |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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