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Previous issue date: 2016-12-09 / Sob o ponto de vista econ?mico, o aproveitamento do potencial e?lico trouxe ao estado do
Rio Grande do Norte vultosos investimentos de capital nacional e estrangeiro, transformandose
em interesse pol?tico priorit?rio e representando uma alternativa ? depend?ncia do regime
hidroel?trico que predomina no pa?s. Tal matriz energ?tica tem ainda um vi?s ambiental, na
medida em que seus impactos no meio f?sico s?o comparativamente menores. Ademais, ?
considerada pelos acordos internacionais do clima, como a principal alternativa sustent?vel
para o controle do efeito estufa a partir da redu??o da queima de combust?veis f?sseis.
Contudo, a implanta??o de torres e?licas tem gerado quest?es sociais graves, identificados em
estudos ao redor do mundo, especialmente no que tange ? apropria??o de territ?rios, impactos
paisag?sticos, ru?dos, dentre outros. Trata-se de uma quest?o de injusti?a ambiental, onde os
efeitos nocivos da atividade recaem justamente sobre os mais desamparados. Particularmente,
seus efeitos tamb?m podem ser sentidos no munic?pio de S?o Miguel do Gostoso, localizado
no litoral setentrional do RN. Na comunidade de Morro dos Martins, onde se desenvolveu a
pesquisa, essa problem?tica se repetiu, ainda que em 2011 o empreendimento tenha sido
objeto de um procedimento de licenciamento ambiental previsto na lei brasileira. A
problem?tica surge, ent?o, em verificar se o licenciamento alcan?a seus objetivos no tocante
ao lado social da sustentabilidade e, tamb?m, se este possui um car?ter democr?tico. Para
tanto, foi realizada uma observa??o participante no local, bem como foi analisado o processo
em quest?o e obtidos dados diretos da Prefeitura do Munic?pio. Durante a observa??o, foram
realizadas 20 entrevistas com moradores que venderam suas terras ? empresa que construiu o
parque. Dentre os resultados, observou-se que a popula??o vendeu suas terras ? empresa,
assediados pelo dinheiro e desamparados pelas institui??es, e agora n?o t?m mais como
produzir, bem como fizeram mau uso do produto da venda dos seus bens. Al?m disso, os
moradores se queixam da in?rcia do ?rg?o ambiental na defesa de seus interesses, sendo que
os regulamentos n?o concedem poder algum de decis?o ?s pessoas diretamente afetadas pelos
impactos das obras, o que n?o se traduz em ferramenta verdadeiramente democr?tica.
Conclui-se que somente ap?s a ado??o de m?todos que contemplem a participa??o da
popula??o de maneira efetiva, atendendo aos princ?pios da justi?a ambiental, bem como a
cria??o de uma associa??o que represente os interesses populares e os defenda em face de
novas arbitrariedades. / From the economic point of view, the exploitation of the wind potential brought to the state of
Rio Grande do Norte large investments of national and foreign capital, becoming a priority
political interest and representing an alternative to the dependence of the hydroelectric regime
that prevails in the country. This energy matrix also has an environmental bias, insofar as its
impacts on the physical environment are comparatively smaller. In addition, it is considered
by international climate agreements as the main sustainable alternative for controlling the
greenhouse effect by reducing the burning of fossil fuels. However, the deployment of wind
towers has generated serious social issues, identified in studies around the world, especially in
what concerns the appropriation of territories, landscape impacts, noise, among others. It is a
question of environmental injustice, where the harmful effects of the activity fall precisely on
the most helpless. In particular, its effects can also be felt in the municipality of S?o Miguel
do Gostoso, located on the northern coast of the RN. In the community of Morro dos Martins,
where the research was developed, this problem was repeated, even though in 2011 the project
was subject to an environmental licensing procedure provided according to the brazilian law.
The problem then arises in verifying if licensing reaches its objectives with respect to the
social side of sustainability and also if it has a democratic character. For that, a participant
observation was carried out in the place, as well as the process in question was analyzed and
direct data obtained from the Municipality. During the observation, 20 interviews were
conducted with residents who sold their land to the company that built the park. Among the
results, it was observed that the population sold their lands to the company, harassed by the
money and abandoned by the institutions, and now they have no more how to produce, as well
as they made misuse of the product of the sale of their goods. In addition, residents complain
about the environmental agency's inertia in defending its interests, and the regulations do not
grant any decision power to those directly affected by the impacts of the works, which does
not translate into a truly democratic tool. It is concluded that only after the adoption of
methods that contemplate the participation of the population in an effective way, taking into
account the principles of environmental justice, as well as the creation of an association that
represents popular interests and defends them in the face of new arbitrariness.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/22271 |
| Date | 09 December 2016 |
| Creators | Queiroz, Isaac Newton Lucena Fernandes de |
| Contributors | 26154463472, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834637163914977, Alves, Daniel Durante Pereira, 10911885803, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0105245515649663, Andrade, Maristela Oliveira de, 09375333434, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7202471430678926, Miller, Francisca de Souza |
| Publisher | PROGRAMA REGIONAL DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM DESENVOLVIMENTO E MEIO AMBIENTE - PRODEMA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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