日人領台後，以母國利益為最高統治方針，積極從事殖民地治理，為獲取殖民地資源與利益，在台從事資本主義化經濟發展。領台之初，首先宣佈維持台人私有土地權利，承認原有交易舊慣，並以律令排除日本民事不動產法在台實施，建立私有地權制度。1898年9月，後藤開始進行土地調查事業，劃分公、私所有權；收買大租權，將複雜地權關係，轉變為單一性土地所有權，建立現代性地權制度，成果非常豐碩，對台灣發展甚具貢獻。1910年後開始辦理之林野調查事業，因未經詳細籌備規劃，加上經費人力不足，草率進行調查，致成果有限，由於林野調查時土地產權歸屬之查定不當，引發地權爭議，延續至今仍未解決。
1905年首創土地登記制，以土地調查時申報手續及所製作之地籍圖冊，視同完成土地總登記程續，頒布「台灣土地登記規則」，規定業主權、典權、胎權、贌耕權之得喪變更，非經登記，不生效力，此期屬強制登記時期。1922年受到內地延長主義統治方針影響，決定從1923年起，日本內地民法、不動產登記法在台實施，改採任意登記制，規定不動產物權之取得、設定、移轉變更，只要當事人間書面契約簽定後，即生物權變動效力，但登記則可對抗第三人。另外，允准祭祀公業繼續存在，得為土地登記之主體，讓祭祀公業土地續存下來。
台灣總督府獎勵資本主義化經濟發展的結果，導致地權分配不均，形成小佃農大地主結構，租佃制度盛行，更由於租佃關係惡化，引發農民運動，要求政府從事地權改革，但因受台共份子滲透，導致被嚴厲鎮壓，台灣農民運動因而終止。
1945年日本宣布無條件投降，台灣改由國民政府接收，接收時，保留土地私有制度，承認台人原有土地權利，但排除日人於外，將日人及官有土地，一律收歸國有。將土地登記制度加以變更，由任意登記制改為強制登記制。經土地清理之後，就著手租佃制度改善，實施三七五減租，保護佃農權利，將租佃關係徹底改良，然後再推行耕者有其田，扶持自耕農，對日人所留不良地權重新調整分配，戰後地權改革成功，具有時代重要意義，對台灣爾後發展有所貢獻。
本文以歷史研究法，透過對地權制度變遷之考察，探析台灣地權制度形成與變遷之要因，進而掌握日治時期地權制度之主要面貌。研究發現整個制度之變遷，是緩慢逐漸進行，非遽然大改變；整個制度的變遷屬強制性，由台灣總督府主導推動，引進日本近代化地權概念與現代性民事法，對台灣舊地權制度進行改革，這種具現代化地權制度與法規，對當期經濟有所裨益，更對台灣百年來發展具深遠意義。 / After the Japanese rule in Taiwan, safeguard national interests of Japan ruled Taiwan as the highest policy and actively engaged in colonial governance. To obtain the resources and interests of the colonial, capitalist engaged in Taiwan's economic development. When Japan began to rule in Taiwan, was first announced to maintain private ownership of land rights to the people of Taiwan and recognize the original trading habits. Civil law and real estate law to exclude Japan in Taiwan to implement the establishment of private land rights system. September 1898, after the vines begin investigating the cause of the land, dividing the public and private ownership; buying large rental rights, the complex relationship between land ownership, land ownership into a unity, establishing a modern system of land ownership, the results are very fruitful, Taiwan development of a great contribution. Because of the investigative career of forest land which implementation at 1910 years. Owing without detailed plan and lack of funding on the procession. Cause had a bad result, It have lead to land ownership disputes, continues to this day remains unresolved.
In 1905 the first land registration system in order when the land survey reporting procedures and the production of cadastral atlas, deemed to have satisfied the total land registration procedures, promulgated Taiwan land registration rules require owners the right to have funeral lien rights, fetal rights, farming rights change, and by the registration, not take effect, this is a mandatory registration period. 1922 by the mainland to extend the principle of domination influence decisions from 1923 onwards, the Japanese mainland civil law, real estate registration law implemented in Taiwan, shift to any registration system, made of real property provisions, setting migration changes, as long as between the parties in writing after the contract was signed, that the effect of changes in biological rights, but may be registered against a third party. In addition, the public sector continues to exist authorized worship, was the subject of registration of land for public sector land ritual survives.
Results of the Taiwan Governor award capitalist economic development, resulting in uneven distribution of land ownership, structure formation sharecroppers Squires, tenancy system prevailed, but due to the deterioration of the tenancy relationship, causing the peasant movement, asked the Government to engage in land tenure reform, but because by the Taiwan Communist infiltration, resulting in back harsh repression, Taiwan peasant Movement terminated‧
Japan's unconditional surrender in 1945, Taiwan changed files received by the national government, to retain private land ownership receive, recognize Taiwan original land rights, but the Japanese are excluded, the Japanese and the Crown all the land, should be nationalized . To change the land registration system by any registration system to a mandatory registration system. After the land is cleared, proceed tenancy system and land ownership reform, the implementation of rent reduction, protection of the rights of tenants, the tenancy relationship completely modified, then the implementation of land to the tiller, to support farmers, bad for the Japanese left re-adjust the distribution of land ownership, land rights reform postwar success, the era of great significance for the future development of Taiwan's major contribution.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0097158502 |
| Creators | 周茂春, Chou, Mao Chun |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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