Le tissu adipeux épicardique (TAE) est localisé à la surface du cœur en contact avec les artères coronaires, ce qui suggère un rôle dans la pathogénèse de la maladie coronarienne. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d’identifier les gènes différentiellemment régulés entre les tissus graisseux épicardique, médiastinal et sous-cutané à l’aide des biopuces d’ADN et d’étudier leurs rôles dans le développement des maladies cardiovasculaires. Les résultats ont montré une grande similarité d’expression entre les tissus adipeux épicardique et médiastinal. Toutefois, certains gènes impliqués dans les maladies cardiovasculaires étaient régulés différemment entre ces deux tissus. L’expression des gènes codant pour le récepteur A1 de l’adénosine (ADORA1) et la prostaglandine D2 synthase (PTGDS), impliqué dans les ischémies myocardiques et la progression de l’athérosclérose, respectivement, était significativement élevée dans le TAE. Cette étude est une première étape pour comprendre le rôle biologique du TAE et ses implications dans les maladies cardiovasculaires. / Increased visceral adipose tissue has been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat depot located on the surface of the heart especially around the epica rdial coronary vessels with extension into the myocardium. The proximity of EAT to the coronary arteries suggests a role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). EAT thickness was significantly correlated with the severity of CAD. However, the biological functions of EAT and its relationship with the development of CVD remain largely elusive. The objectives of this study were to identify genes that were up- or down-regulated among three distinct adipose tissues, namely EAT, mediastinal and subcutaneous using whole-genome gene expression microarrays and to study the possible relationships of these genes with the development of CVD. Overall, the transcriptional profiles of EAT and mediastinal adipose tissue were similar compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue. Despite this similarity, a number of genes involved in cardiovascular diseases were up-regulated in EAT. The expression of the adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), involved in myocardial ischemia, was significantly up-regulated in EAT. Levels of the prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) gene, recently associated with the progression of atherosclerosis, were significantly different in the three pairwise comparisons (epicardial > mediastinal > subcutaneous). Overexpression of ADORA1 and PTGDS in EAT may confer cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia and CAD. This study is an important first step to understand the biological function of EAT and its potential implications in CVD.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LAVAL/oai:corpus.ulaval.ca:20.500.11794/22497 |
| Date | 17 April 2018 |
| Creators | Guauque-Olarte, Sandra |
| Contributors | Bossé, Yohan |
| Source Sets | Université Laval |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | mémoire de maîtrise, COAR1_1::Texte::Thèse::Mémoire de maîtrise |
| Format | 137 p., application/pdf |
| Rights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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