Lai Kin Ming Connie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-141). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction on growth cycle of mushroom --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature review of mushroom biological activities --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Various bioactivities of mushroom --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Components responsible for various bioactivities of mushrooms --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Mushroom polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Polysaccharides important for antitumor effects --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Polysaccharide-protein complexes important for antitumor effects --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Structure-function relationship of antitumor activities of polysaccharides --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Effect of molecular mass --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Effect of linkages --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Effect of degree of branching --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Effect of conformation --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- Immunomodulatory effects of mushroom polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5.1.1 --- Bioactive polysaccharides in Lentinus edodes --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5.1.2 --- Bioactive polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide-protein complexes --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.2.1 --- Bioactive polysaccharide-protein complexes in Trametes versicolor --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Immunotherapeutic effects of mushroom polysaccharides --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6 --- Cell cycle and apoptosis --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Introduction of cell cycle --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Cell cycle regulation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Antitumor effects through apoptotic gene regulation --- p.17 / Chapter 1.7 --- Mushroom sclerotium with antitumor activity --- p.20 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Literature review on Pleurotus tuber-regium --- p.20 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Literature review on Poria cocos --- p.22 / Chapter 1.7.3 --- Literature review on Polyporus rhinocerus --- p.23 / Chapter 1.8 --- Objectives --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mushroom sclerotia --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Animal Model --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Cell lines --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Extraction Scheme for mushroom sclerotia --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Hot water extraction only --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Sequential extraction scheme --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Measurement of monosaccharide profile --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Acid Depolymerisation --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Neutral Sugar Derivatization --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Gas Chromatography (GC) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Size exclusion chromatography --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Anion exchange chromatography --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Linkage analysis by methylation --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Preparation of partially methylated polysaccharides --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Preparation of partially methylated alditol acetates (PMAAs) --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Determination of total sugar by phenol-sulphuric acid Method --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Determination of acidic sugars by measurement of uronic acid content --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Determination of protein content by Lowry-Folin method --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Chemical modification by carboxymethylation --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- In vitro antitumor assay --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.9.1 --- Trypan blue exclusion assay --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.9.2 --- MTT Assay --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Cell cycle analysis by Flow Cytometry --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- In vivo antitumor and immunomodulatory assay --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.11.1 --- Measurement on tumor growth --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.11.2 --- Blood sampling for immunostimulatory effects --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.12 --- Mouse Cytokine Array --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.13 --- Quantification of Mouse IL-13 by ELISA --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.14 --- Enumeration of peritoneal cells --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.15 --- Enumeration of splenocytes --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.16 --- Statistical methods --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Results and Discussion --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1 --- Yield of crude mushroom sclerotial extracts --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chemical composition of crude mushroom sclerotial extracts --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Total carbohydrate content --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Uronic acid content --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Soluble protein content --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3 --- Monosaccharide profiles of mushroom sclerotial extracts by GC --- p.60 / Chapter 3.4 --- Chromatographic analyses of mushroom sclerotial extracts --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Molecular weight profile by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Charge distribution by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) --- p.73 / Chapter 3.5 --- Antitumor effects of mushroom sclerotial extracts from hot water extraction alone --- p.73 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- In vitro antiproliferative study by HL-60 --- p.73 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- In vitro antiproliferative study by MCF-7 --- p.74 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- In vivo antitumor study by BALB/c mice --- p.75 / Chapter 3.6 --- Antitumor effects of extracts from sequential extraction scheme --- p.76 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- In vitro antiproliferative study by HL-60 --- p.76 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- In vitro antiproliferative study by MCF-7 --- p.78 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- In vivo antitumor study by BALB/c mice --- p.80 / Chapter 3.7 --- Comparison of in vitro and in vivo activities of mushroom sclerotial extracts --- p.82 / Chapter 3.8 --- Dose-response relationship of hot water extract from PR on cancer cell lines --- p.85 / Chapter 3.8.1 --- In vitro dose-response antiproliferation of PR-W and PR-HWE on HL-60 --- p.85 / Chapter 3.8.2 --- In vitro dose-response antiproliferation of PR-W on K562 and S180 --- p.88 / Chapter 3.8.3 --- In vivo dose-response relationship of PR-W on S180 --- p.91 / Chapter 3.9 --- Flow cytometric analysis of PR-W on cancer cell lines --- p.92 / Chapter 3.9.1 --- Antiproliferative effect of PR-W on HL-60 --- p.92 / Chapter 3.9.2 --- Antiproliferative effect of PR-W on K562 --- p.95 / Chapter 3.9.3 --- Proposed mechanisms of cell cycle arrest by PR-W --- p.98 / Chapter 3.10 --- Host-mediated antitumor mechanism of PR-W --- p.100 / Chapter 3.10.1 --- Mouse cytokine array --- p.100 / Chapter 3.10.2 --- Quantification of IL-13 by ELISA --- p.105 / Chapter 3.10.3 --- Immunostimulatory effects of PR-W on mice --- p.109 / Chapter 3.11 --- Correlation between antitumor activity and structure of mushroom sclerotial extract from hot water extraction alone --- p.114 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Conclusions and Future works --- p.118 / List of References --- p.121 / Related Publications --- p.142
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_325320 |
| Date | January 2005 |
| Contributors | Lai, Kin Ming Connie., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biology. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xvi, 142 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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