為面對全球化及區域化的激烈競爭，我國政府的因應策略中即包括藉由健全區域的發展，提昇國家總體競爭力，而具體政策之一為於地方制度法增訂縣市單獨或合併升格直轄市的條文，以期透過直轄市帶動週邊縣市的發展。然而直轄市組織制度與縣市不同，轄內劃分為「區」，區非自治團體而為市政府的派出機關，因此99年隨同新北市、臺中市及高雄市轄區內烏來、和平、桃源、茂林及那瑪夏等5個於於山地原住民區域的山地鄉改制為直轄市之區，不再具有公法人地方，無法進行自治，因而引起原住民族的抗爭。
經過原住民籍立委不斷爭取要求烏來等五區恢復自治的權利，終在103年1月14日於立法院三讀通過地方制度法修正案，將此五區改制為擁有自治團體地位的「直轄市山地原住民區」，並於同年1月29日由總統公布施行，後於11月29日進行第一屆山地原住民區長及區民代表的選舉。而本研究係以由五個區於改制為直轄市之區至修法取得自治權為時序範圍，蒐集政策變遷過程的相關資料，並以質化深度訪談相關立法及行政機關人員，以期取得多面向的資訊，以分析並建構本個案更完整的面貌。
本研究藉由政策變遷理論構築之以「環境與制度面向」、「政策網絡及互動」及「政策性質與屬性」等三個面向為基礎的研究架構，並觀察政策窗模式的作用及影響，最後透過系統化重組次級資料及訪談紀錄，提出研究發現、實務建議及後續研究建議。
其中有關實務建議部分，第一，提出本個案成功達到政策變遷的原因、過程及關鍵因素，希望作為往後欲推動政策變遷之類似個案參考；其次，希望中央相關部會儘速完成制度面後續的配套修法，並協助原住民地區提升自籌財源能力；第三，中央與地方應有更充份的溝通，並且協助地方改善因選舉而衍生的陋習；再來，應釐清我國原住民族自治的範疇、定位及方式；最後，建議針對重大政策變遷可依指標進行政策評估。另外，於後續研究建議部分，本研究認為可針對立法委員立法面向、保障少數族群的底線及政黨因素於原住民族區域治理的作用等議題進一步的研究及討論。 / Facing global competition and the localization of competitive advantage, Taiwanese government enforces strategies including strengthening regional development to promote general competitiveness of the country. One of the concrete policies is the amendment of Local Government Act in planning to change counties/cities into special municipalities or merge counties/cities with other special municipalities or counties/cities into a special municipality to push the development of the regions forward.
However, the organization system of special municipality is different from counties/cities. “Districts” within the special municipality are branches of city government, no longer autonomous as local self-government. In 2010, regions like Wulai located in New Taipei City, Heping in Taichung, Maolin and Namasia in Kaohsiung City were changed into districts of special municipality, the indigenous people therefore fought against the policy which brought no autonomous status.
As the result of indigenous legislators’ struggle for autonomy of indigenous districts, these five regions have been converted from mountain indigenous townships were shall have autonomous status. The Local Government Amendment Act were amended and promogated on 14 January 2014, and forced by the president on 29 January 2014. Furthermore, on 29 November 2014, the mountain indigenous districts held the first election of the first batch of councilors and chief administrators. This study sets timing range from when these five indigenous townships transformed into municipal districts to when they attained autonomy due to law amendment. By collecting materials concerning the process of policy change as well as conducting qualitative interviews with legislators and executive authorities to obtain multidimensional information, this study analyses and constructs a full outlook of the individual case.
This study is based on “environment and discipline dimension”, “policy network and interaction” and “policy’s character and attribute” as the structure of research. By ways of observing the function and influence of policy window and of regrouping secondary data and interview records systematically, this study brings forward research results, practical recommendations and suggestions for follow-up study.
As for practical recommendations, first, this study addresses the reason, process and key factors for the individual case succeeding in policy change in hope of propelling policy change for similar cases in the future. Secondly, this study expects concerned ministry or commission in the central government to complete the follow-up amendments systemically as soon as possible; also they should assist indigenous regions in enhancing the ability of self-financing. Third, the conversation carried by the central with the local should be more sufficient and it should assist the local in correcting undesirable customs resulted from elections. Moreover, the scope, position and manner of indigenous people’s autonomy in Taiwan should be clarified. Lastly, this study suggests that policy evaluation should be implemented according to index when it comes to major policy change. In addition, for follow-up research, this study advises further research and discussion targeting at topics such as legislator’s lawmaking, the bottom line of protecting minor groups, and party’s influence on indigenous regions’ management.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0102921076 |
| Creators | 陳丘玫, Chen, Chiu Mei |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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