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Previous issue date: 2010-03-20 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / A hydrographic basin is a complex environmental system, resulting from the
interrelations between the physical-natural and socioeconomic subsystems. It s identity
as the unifying of environmental processes and human interference is leading to its
adoption as a research unit. It allows from the analysis of the physical-chemical,
biological and socioeconomic factors the evaluation of the quality and sustainability of
the environment. This works aim is the composition of an Index of Sustainable Use of
Water (ISW) which may subsidize the adoption of public policies towards sustainable
use of water resources. For the construction of the ISW were analyzed two dimensions:
the ecological one and socioeconomical one. Physico-chemical indicators (pH,
dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate), biological indicators
(phytoplankton) and the index of environmental preservation (EP) were used to analyze
the Ecological Dimension (ED); to analyze the Socioeconomic Dimension (DS) were
used as indicators income, education and sanitation. This way was generated an index
for the five sub-basins of the Bacanga river basin and the basin as a whole. Past data
published by Martins (2008) and Costa (2008) were used for the physico-chemical and
biological indicators. The results of applying the ISW are lined not only on the proposal
of a tool in assessing the sustainability of the Bacanga river basin, but also on the ability
to identify the main responsible for the advances and setbacks in the quest for
sustainability. The 5 ((Jambeiro) sub-basins studied had significant impairment of
sustainability. The lowest index, 0.29 was found for the sub-basin 5, revealing a weak
sustainability. The sub-basins 3 (Mamão) and 4 (Gapara) both had the value of 0.36,
demonstrating a committed environmental quality of these environments. Only the subbasins
1 (Barragem) and 2 (Bicas) had a higher rate compared to the others with 0.43
and 0.42 respectively. These sub-basins despite having an older population growth and
therefore a greater impacted area, has good services like water supply and provision of
schools. The ISW for the Bacanga river basin was 0.37 indicating it as a polluted
environment. Thus the assessment of environmental quality of the Bacanga river basin
reveals the consequences of a mode of urbanization governed by private economic
interests over the welfare of the community, a process that creates and reinforces social
inequality and exclusion (which is reflected in sociospatial segregation and
vulnerabilities differentiated to natural hazards) and degrades the physical nature. As
complementary and opposite sides of this form of urbanization the basin shows on one
side the saturation of the carrying capacity of the physical-natural subsystem in areas in
which it promotes urban occupation, a situation caused mainly by high soil sealing and
high population density, on the other hand, it appears that the areas of greatest natural
vulnerability tend to be occupied by the socially excluded and most vulnerable to
environmental risks, feeding a dynamic in which lower quality of life and low
environmental quality are mutually reinforced. As mitigation measures to modify this
reality one can measure the local economic development with its generating jobs and
income, the digital divide with the deployment of telecentres , the articulation of
social protection network (family register), the expansion and improvement in services
water supply, garbage collection and sewage treatment as well as urban drainage, rehabilitation of the sewage plant (ETA) of Batatã, the recovery of the Bacanga dam to
regulate the water flow, preventing flooding, the relocation of residents in the areas of
risk, the respect to the limits of the Bacanga State Park and the adopting of solutions
that contribute to the recovery and preservation of protected areas and environmental
interest. ISW has proved to be an appropriate tool to support decision makers and policy
makers in the process of building more sustainable ways to the society. / A hydrographic basin is a complex environmental system, resulting from the
interrelations between the physical-natural and socioeconomic subsystems. It s identity
as the unifying of environmental processes and human interference is leading to its
adoption as a research unit. It allows from the analysis of the physical-chemical,
biological and socioeconomic factors the evaluation of the quality and sustainability of
the environment. This works aim is the composition of an Index of Sustainable Use of
Water (ISW) which may subsidize the adoption of public policies towards sustainable
use of water resources. For the construction of the ISW were analyzed two dimensions:
the ecological one and socioeconomical one. Physico-chemical indicators (pH,
dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate), biological indicators
(phytoplankton) and the index of environmental preservation (EP) were used to analyze
the Ecological Dimension (ED); to analyze the Socioeconomic Dimension (DS) were
used as indicators income, education and sanitation. This way was generated an index
for the five sub-basins of the Bacanga river basin and the basin as a whole. Past data
published by Martins (2008) and Costa (2008) were used for the physico-chemical and
biological indicators. The results of applying the ISW are lined not only on the proposal
of a tool in assessing the sustainability of the Bacanga river basin, but also on the ability
to identify the main responsible for the advances and setbacks in the quest for
sustainability. The 5 ((Jambeiro) sub-basins studied had significant impairment of
sustainability. The lowest index, 0.29 was found for the sub-basin 5, revealing a weak
sustainability. The sub-basins 3 (Mamão) and 4 (Gapara) both had the value of 0.36,
demonstrating a committed environmental quality of these environments. Only the subbasins
1 (Barragem) and 2 (Bicas) had a higher rate compared to the others with 0.43
and 0.42 respectively. These sub-basins despite having an older population growth and
therefore a greater impacted area, has good services like water supply and provision of
schools. The ISW for the Bacanga river basin was 0.37 indicating it as a polluted
environment. Thus the assessment of environmental quality of the Bacanga river basin
reveals the consequences of a mode of urbanization governed by private economic
interests over the welfare of the community, a process that creates and reinforces social
inequality and exclusion (which is reflected in sociospatial segregation and
vulnerabilities differentiated to natural hazards) and degrades the physical nature. As
complementary and opposite sides of this form of urbanization the basin shows on one
side the saturation of the carrying capacity of the physical-natural subsystem in areas in
which it promotes urban occupation, a situation caused mainly by high soil sealing and
high population density, on the other hand, it appears that the areas of greatest natural
vulnerability tend to be occupied by the socially excluded and most vulnerable to
environmental risks, feeding a dynamic in which lower quality of life and low
environmental quality are mutually reinforced. As mitigation measures to modify this
reality one can measure the local economic development with its generating jobs and
income, the digital divide with the deployment of telecentres , the articulation of
social protection network (family register), the expansion and improvement in services
water supply, garbage collection and sewage treatment as well as urban drainage, rehabilitation of the sewage plant (ETA) of Batatã, the recovery of the Bacanga dam to
regulate the water flow, preventing flooding, the relocation of residents in the areas of
risk, the respect to the limits of the Bacanga State Park and the adopting of solutions
that contribute to the recovery and preservation of protected areas and environmental
interest. ISW has proved to be an appropriate tool to support decision makers and policy
makers in the process of building more sustainable ways to the society.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2:tede/1199 |
| Date | 20 March 2010 |
| Creators | Nascimento, Jackgrayce Dutra |
| Contributors | Cutrim, Marco Valério Jansen |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Maranhão, PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SUSTENTABILIDADE DE ECOSSISTEMAS/CCBS, UFMA, BR, OCEANOGRAFIA E LIMNOLOGIA |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFMA, instname:Universidade Federal do Maranhão, instacron:UFMA |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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