IntroductionSars-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) is an RNA virus that causes Covid-19 disease. This disease started in the city of Wuhan in China. This is not the first time that the coronavirus has caused an outbreak, in the last twenty years the coronavirus SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) and MERSCoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) have caused two major outbreaks. The main structure of SARS-CoV-2 is built from membrane (M), envelope (E), nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S). When the body is infected by the virus, the virus enters the host cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor. Once the virus has entered the cell, it releases viral RNA. The virus's particles multiply inside the cell. New virus particles from the infected cell are produced, which in its turn infect new cells. The immune system against SARS-CoV-2 involves both the cellular and humoral arms, with neutralizing antibodies directed primarily against the S antigen.ObjectivesThis research aimed to study the litteratur describing how long the antibodies and memory cells remain in the blood, and how long the protection against the virus lasts.MethodThis work was based on six scientific articles to answer the question: How long protective antibody levels last in the plasma after resolution of a Covid-19 infection? To answer the question, the levels of the antibodies of different classes, IgG, IgM and IgA, against the receptorbinding domain (RBD)/ S, N protein were analysed as reported in litterature, as well as the reported amounts of T memory cells and B memory cells.ResultsHumans produce SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, especially IgM and IgG antibodies, and T cells response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. IgG and IgM antibody levels were higher in patients whith severe Covid-19 than in mild cases. Studies cohort included patients from 18 to 90 years old. The studies lasted on from three months and up to one year.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UPSALLA1/oai:DiVA.org:lnu-109875 |
| Date | January 2022 |
| Creators | Hedar, Rula |
| Publisher | Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB) |
| Source Sets | DiVA Archive at Upsalla University |
| Language | Swedish |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Student thesis, info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis, text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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