In 2022, Sweden faced significant challenges in its energy landscape due to a combination of factors, including Russia's invasion of Ukraine, domestic disruptions in nuclear power production, low water reservoir levels, and the increasing reliance on intermittent energy sources. Consequently, the price of electricity in Sweden soared to unprecedented levels. According to the Swedish national bank, the high energy prices were a major contributor to the country's inflation woes during that period. To address this issue, the national bank highlighted the potential of electricity consumers in reducing electricity costs and mitigating inflation by adjusting or shifting their energy usage away from peak hours. This study focuses on exploring the utilization of demand side flexibility as a means for consumers to control their electricity consumption. Specifically, it aims to investigate the effectiveness of demand side flexibility in reducing energy costs within office buildings based on energy prices from 2022. The building is assumed to have heating system consisting of a heat pump for base heat and district heating for supplementery heating. Three demand side flexibility scenarios were analyzed: 1) Adjusting the heating setpoint to a lower temperature during periods of high energy prices, 2) Switching between heat pumps and district heating based on the production cost of 1 kWh, and 3) Utilizing heat storage to minimize energy consumption during peak hours. Through an examination of the outcomes of these strategies, this research aims to enhance our understanding of how demand side flexibility can optimize energy usage and minimize costs in office buildings. Additionally, the report will analyze the impact of demand side management actions on the overall energy performance of the buildings. The building's energy consumption for heating purposes was simulated using IDA ICE to assess its annual energy usage patterns. Moreover, models were developed in IDA ICE and Excel. The results of the study demonstrate that all investigated scenarios reduces the energy cost. The combination between measure (1) and (2) is the best alternative for minimizing energy cost. This case could reduce the yearly energy cost by 28,7% which over 15 years accumulate to savings of 360000 SEK. Furthermore, measures (2) and (3) resulted in a 20% increase in energy consumption, primarily due to the higher utilization of district heating. Measure (1) has no impact on the energy consumption.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UPSALLA1/oai:DiVA.org:uu-509018 |
| Date | January 2023 |
| Creators | Lundström, Marcus |
| Publisher | Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö |
| Source Sets | DiVA Archive at Upsalla University |
| Language | Swedish |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Student thesis, info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis, text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | UPTEC ES, 1650-8300 ; 23018 |
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