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Previous issue date: 2017-12-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / ?Adesivos verdes? t?m despertado grande interesse cient?fico e tecnol?gico como alternativa aos produtos comerciais convencionais, que em geral, liberam subst?ncias t?xicas e levam um longo per?odo de tempo para degradar. Entretanto, as propriedades mec?nicas limitadas e a r?pida degrada??o de alguns pol?meros biodegrad?veis limitam seu uso na maioria das aplica??es pr?ticas. No presente trabalho, comp?sitos foram preparados usando pol?meros biodegrad?veis e nanowhiskers de celulose (NWC) visando sua utiliza??o como adesivos para madeira. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar o efeito da adi??o dos nanowhiskers de celulose (NWC) nas propriedades mec?nicas e na degrada??o dos pol?meros. Os pol?meros biodegrad?veis sintetizados por policondensa??o ? base de glicerol e ?cidos foram poli (adipato de glicerol) - PGA, poli (maleato de glicerol) - PGM, poli (citrato de glicerol) - PGC, poli (ftalato de glicerol) - PGPh, poli (succinato de glicerol) PGSu e poli (sebacato de glicerol) - PGS. Al?m desses, copol?meros poli (glicerol succinato-co-maleato) - PGMSu, poli (glicerol succinato-co-adipato) - PGASu e poli (glicerol adipato-co-maleato) - PGMA foram tamb?m sintetizados. Nanowhiskers de celulose (NWC) foram adicionados aos pol?meros para avalia??o dos seus efeitos na melhoria das propriedades mec?nicas e no controle da taxa de degrada??o. Os materiais foram produzidos com a adi??o de 0, 5, 10 e 20% em peso de NWC. Os pol?meros puros e os comp?sitos foram analisados por Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC), An?lise termogravim?trica (TGA), difra??o de Raios X (DRX) e espectroscopia Infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Juntas adesivas foram produzidas em corpos de prova de pinus (Pinus elliottii) e angelim (Vatairea heteroptera Ducke) e submetidas a degrada??o por envelhecimento acelerado e testes de cisalhamento sob tra??o. Juntas coladas produzidas com adesivos ? base de acetato de polivinila - PVAc e cianoacrilato foram tamb?m testadas, nas mesmas condi??es, para fins de compara??o. As an?lises t?rmicas indicaram que a maioria dos pol?meros biodegrad?veis ? base de glicerol testados s?o est?veis at? aproximadamente 260?C e a adi??o de NWC aumentou a estabilidade t?rmica (Tonset) de alguns pol?meros em 26?C at? 48?C, enquanto outros n?o foram afetados. As an?lises de superf?cie de fratura por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) ap?s os testes de cisalhamento sugerem redu??o de ductilidade com a incorpora??o de NWC ao adesivo. As medidas de ades?o indicaram que os adesivos verdes desenvolvidos a partir de pol?meros de glicerol com 10 e 20% em peso de NWC apresentaram resist?ncia ao cisalhamento superior ao adesivo comercial ? base de PVAc. Os melhores resultados e resist?ncia ao cisalhamento foram obtidos para PGASu com 20% em peso de NWC (2,57 ? 0,36 MPa) e PGM com 20% em peso de NWC (2,33 ? 0,43 MPa), enquanto que a resist?ncia ao cisalhamento do acetato de polivinila - PVAc foi de 1,58 ? 0,18 MPa. O envelhecimento resultou em maior resist?ncia ao cisalhamento de alguns adesivos. A melhoria mais significativa foi obtida para PGMA com 20% em peso de NWC, que atingiu (3,89 ? 0,74 MPa) ap?s 250 h de envelhecimento, portanto, maior que a resist?ncia ao cisalhamento do cianoacrilato (3,12 ? 0,53 MPa). Em ?ltima an?lise, os resultados apresentados neste trabalho sugerem que a adi??o de nanowhiskers de celulose (NWC) ? uma abordagem vi?vel para ajustar as propriedades mec?nicas e degrada??o dos pol?meros biodegrad?veis. / ?Green adhesives? are of great scientific and technological interest as an alternative to conventional commercial products, which often release toxic substances and take long time to degrade. However, the poor mechanical properties and fast degradation of some biodegradable polymers limit their use in most practical applications. In the present work, novel biodegradable composites were prepared using biodegradable polymers and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) for their use as wood adhesives. The goal of the investigation was to study the effect of the addition of CNW on the mechanical properties and degradation of the polymers. The biodegradable polymers synthesized by polycondensation based on glycerol and acids were poly(glycerol adipate) - PGA, poly(glycerol maleate) - PGM, poly(glycerol citrate) - PGC, poly(glycerol phthalate) - PGPh, poly(glycerol succinate) - PGSu and poly(glycerol sebacate) - PGS. In addition, the copolymers synthesized were poly(glycerol succinate-co-maleate) - PGMSu, poly(glycerol succinate-co-adipate) ? PGASu and poly(glycerol adipate-co-maleate) ? PGMA. Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were added to the polymers as an approach for improving the mechanical properties and controlling the degradation rate. Composites were produced with the addition of 0, 5, 10 and 20 wt.% of CNW. The neat polymers and composites were analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Adhesively bonded joints were produced in test specimens of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and angelim (Vatairea heteroptera Ducke) and subjected to accelerated aging and tested under shear by tensile loading. Bonded joints produced with polyvinyl acetate - PVAc and cyanoacrylate based adhesives were also tested under the same conditions for comparison purposes. Thermal analyses indicated that most of the biodegradable glycerol-based polymers tested are stable up to about 260?C and the addition of CNW increased the thermal stability (Tonset) of some polymers by 26?C up to 48?C, while others were not affected. Analyses of the fracture surfaces after the shear tests by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) suggest less ductile fracture with the incorporation of CNW to the adhesive. The shear strengths of the green adhesives developed from glycerol with 10 and 20 wt.% CNW were greater than that of the commercial PVAc based adhesive. The best results of shear strengths were obtained for PGASu 20 wt.% CNW (2.57 ? 0.36 MPa) and PGM 20 wt.% CNW (2.33? 0.43 MPa), while the shear strength for polyvinyl acetate - PVAc was 1.58 ? 0.18 MPa. Aging improved the shear strength of some adhesives. The best result was obtained for PGMA 20 wt.% CNW, which reached (3.89 ? 0.74 MPa) after 250h of aging, thus greater than the shear strength of cyanoacrylate (3.12 ? 0.53 MPa). Ultimately, the results presented in this work suggest that the addition of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) is a viable approach to tailor mechanical properties and degradation of biodegradable polymers.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/25053 |
| Date | 13 December 2017 |
| Creators | Figueiredo, Lucas Ricardo Fernandes |
| Contributors | 46660640444, Barbosa, Ana Paula Cysne, 04561659676, Nascimento, Maria Carolina Burgos Costa do, 03449466496, Medeiros, Eliton Souto de, 02381705430, Azeredo, Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de, 54600561600, Oliveira, Juliano Elvis de, 04386344624, Melo, Jos? Daniel Diniz |
| Publisher | PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIA E ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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