我國PC(個人電腦，Personal Computer)產業產值佔全球的60%以上，但幾乎97%以上都是為人作嫁，替他廠牌代工，在辛苦、薄利的製造領域鑽營7%不到的毛利。反觀一些品牌大廠卻能在買賣之間，獲得近乎製造兩倍以上的毛利，並且將庫存風險、交運、售後服務等煩瑣的業務要求製造者承擔。尤其筆記型電腦因體積小，CTO (Configure To Order)與CDS (China Direct Shipment)能力成為國際品牌大廠評核製造者能力的必要條件。
更因為市場競價的關係，品牌廠商以比價、競價、公開成本資訊的手法，遊走於我製造廠之間，把代工利潤壓到微乎其微的地步。製造廠只好移廠大陸，尋求更低廉的製造成本，並且擴大產能、執行垂直整合，意圖以規模經濟和範疇經濟來彌補獲利的不足。
本研究以Dorothy的企業核心能力與知識創造活動理論為依據，探討我國筆記型電腦業者發展CTO/CDS的知識創造活動和技術跨國移轉問題，並以價值鏈分析，探討我國筆記型電腦業者在產業國際分工移轉過程中所扮演的角色。全文分四大部份：
1. 文獻探討：以專家的理論作為本研究的基礎，一方面使本研究有所依據，快速進行；另一方面可驗證理論的實用性。
2. CTO/CDS實務研究：CTO/CDS的實現必須仰賴強大的資訊系統支援，本研究一方面提供CTO/CDS的電腦化實務經驗供產業參考；另一方面以CTO/CDS系統為例，探討我國筆記型電腦的實體系統和技術能力。
3. 知識創造活動研究：以一家公司為個案深入探討，再輔以其他四家公司訪談資訊相比對印證，研究筆記型電腦產業知識創造的過程和應用，以期提升活用知識的能力。
4. 價值鏈與創新模型分析：研究產業價值鏈各階段的附加價值貢獻，我國業者的能力、秉賦和扮演的角色，以期往高附加價值領域開拓。
最後希望能藉由結論，串連「實體系統、技術能力」→「活用知識」→「高附加價值」而建議出「贏的策略」。
本文僅研究者個人的意見，在有限的研究領域裡提出心得與建議，若能為產業所認同，實感榮幸。但產業環境複雜，要考慮的因素相當多，諾大疏漏的領域，祈望產業先進及專家學者多加批評指教！ / Although the PC production value of Taiwan is beyond 60% to the world, most of them were made by term of OEM/ODM. Taiwan PC companies earned no more than 7% gross profit through their hard production routine. Not only the brand-named companies could earn double just by trade, but also they asked the makers to bear the risk of inventory, delivery and service jobs. Especially, because of the small size of notebook, CTO/CDS capability became the “must criteria” when the brand-named companies survey the producers for OEM/ODM.
Due to the market price competition, brand-named companies strangulated the profit of makers by way of bidding and cost analysis. Taiwan makers had no choice but to move their works to Grand China for the purpose of lower cost. They enlarged the production capacity and diversified the PC production by vertical integration, in order to cover the shortage of profit by economic of scale and scope.
This thesis was base on theory of Dorothy Leonard-Barton“ Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation”, researched the issues of CTO/CDS knowledge development and cross-national shift of skill of Taiwan NB makers, and also studied the roles that Taiwan makers played at the value chain of NB industry. The article can be divided into the following four parts according to their different natures:
1. Review of academic papers: The basic theories that can make the study going smoothly and rapidly.
2. Study of CTO/CDS practice: To study the CTO/CDS information system and skill, and provide CTO/CDS practice for reference.
3. Study of knowledge creation activities: A deep case study plus the surveys of the other four companies describe the process of knowledge creation and skill innovation in order to enhance the application ability of knowledge.
4. Value chain and innovation model analysis: To study the added value of each segment in the NB value chain, and the industry innovation model to find out Taiwan NB makers’ ability and capability.
Finally, I try to come out the “winner strategies” by integrating “ systems”, “abilities”, “capacities”, “knowledge” and “high value” in the ending.
All deductive inferences of this limited research are my personal viewpoints only. I will be very proud if they can be recognized by others. Actually, the business environment is more complex than what we think. Any comments, views and opinions toward this paper are welcome and will be highly appreciated.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0088931031 |
| Creators | 黃進成, Huang, Chin-Cheng |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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